The Celtic Ancestor Gods.
Beli Mawr (the Great), God of the Sun
Beli Mawr, called Belenos by the Romans, was the Celtic God of the Sun,
representing the curative powers of the Sun’s heat. His festival of Beltane,
when bonfires were lit to welcome in the Summer and encourage the Sun’s warmth,
was held on May 1st, and is remembered in today's May Day festivities. His
symbols were the horse (as shown, for example, by the clay horse figurine
offerings at Beli’s Sainte-Sabine shrine in Burgundy), and also the Wheel (as
illustrated on the famous Gundestrup Cauldron). Perhaps, like Apollo, whom he
became identified with, Beli was thought to ride the Sun across the sky in a
horse-drawn chariot. Indeed, a Celtic model horse and wagon, carrying a gilded
sun-disc, has been found at Trundholm in Denmark. Sometimes he is illustrated
riding a single horse, throwing thunder-bolts (hence an occasional idenification
with Jupiter) and using his symbolic radiating wheel as a shield, as he tramples
the chthonic forces of a snake-limbed giant. This personification is similar to
the classic depiction of the Archangel St.Michael defeating the Devil. Sacred
pagan hills associated with Beli, are thought to have had their dedications
transferred to this saint (or sometimes St.George) by the early Christians. Well
known examples include St.Michael’s Mount (Cornwall) and the churches of
St.Michael on Brent Tor (Devon), and Burrow Mump and Glastonbury Tor (Somerset):
All on a supposed ley line that faces the Rising Sun at Beltane. He may also
have been worshipped on Dragon Hill below the great Uffington White Horse in
Berkshire.
Don, Goddess of Fertility
Don was known, in the Celtic World, by several similar names: Danu or Anu being
the most popular alternatives. She was a Mother-Goddess, the wife of Beli Mawr
(the Great) and considered to be the ancestor of all the Gods, the Tuatha dé
Danann, who found themselves obliged to the reside in the Otherworld when Miled
brought the Celts to the British Isles. She still looks down on us from the
night's sky where she appears as Llys Don, better known as Casseopeia. Don was
especially popular in Munster, though her most lasting memorial is a mountain in
County Kerry called the Dá Chích Anann or "Breast of Anu". The Dane Hills in
Leicestershire are also named after her and this area, perhaps a major centre
for her cult, is where her memory lives on as Black Annis. This hideous old
crone's habit of eating young children was, no doubt, invented by incoming
Christians to blacken the name of the Celtic Goddess. In Christendom, the lady
usually took on the guise of St.Anne, however, in order to smooth the path of
conversion. This saint's popularity in Brittany probably stems from the previous
worship of the Celtic Goddess there. Don was also the patroness of springs and
fountains, hence the numerous St.Anne's Wells throughout Britain today. Early
medieval historians confused Don (alias Anu) with Anna, the daughter of
St.Joseph of Arimathea. In Arthurian legend she probably appears as Annowre, a
sorceress who imprisoned Arthur in the Perilous Forest.
Lludd Llaw Ereint (the Silver-Handed), God of Health & Healing
Lludd (or Nudd), called Nodens by the Romans, was the Celtic God of Healing, and
the son of Beli Mawr (the Great). He had a large shrine at Lydney in
Gloucestershire, where the devoted made offerings of small bronze
representations of their diseased limbs. He was sometimes identified with the
protective Mars or the regenerative Silvanus and his companion and symbol was
the dog: a deerhound whose lick could cure the afflicted. An old story explains
his connection with amputees. At one time, Lludd was the leader of the gods, but
he was wounded in battle and lost his hand. Gorfannon, the divine-smith, made
him a new one out of Silver, but he was still forced to abdicate in favour of
his nephew, Lleu Llaw Gyffes. Later, Lludd was troubled by a constant scream
that was heard the eve of every Beltane. He travelled to Gaul, where his
brother, Llefelys, was particularly worshipped, to ask his advice. He explained
that the cry was made by two fighting dragons. Lludd managed to capture the
creatures and imprisoned them deep below Dinas Emrys. Lludd may have been
particularly worshipped in London, which was said to have been named after him.
Afallach, God of the Underworld
Afallach was the son of Lludd Llaw Ereint (the Silver-Handed). He was one of the
Celtic gods of the Underworld. He ruled Avalon where he lived with his daughter,
Modron, and her nine sisters. Avalon was like the Celtic heaven, a peaceful
island far away where apples grew and after which it became named. It is, of
course, best known as the place where the High-King Arthwyr was taken after he
was fatally wounded at the Battle of Camlann. Afallach himself appears in
Arthurian legends as King Evelake
2007-02-16
13:07:29
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