Mark Lagrisola
March 28, 2007
AP Literature
Reaction Paper: Antigone
Summary:
The characters are introduced through different events that occur. Polyneices and Eteocles, two brothers leading opposite sides in Thebes' civil war, have both been killed in battle. Creon, new ruler of Thebes, has declared that Eteocles will be honored and Polyneices disgraced. The rebel brother's body will not be honored, and it will lay unburied to be the food of carrion animals. Antigone and Ismene are the sisters of the dead brothers, and they are now the last children of the ill-fated Oedipus. In the opening of the play, Antigone brings Ismene outside the city gates late at night for a secret meeting: Antigone wants to bury Polyneices' body, in defiance of Creon's edict. Ismene refuses to help her, fearing the death penalty, and she is unable to dissuade Antigone from going to do the deed by herself.
Creon enters, along with the Chorus of Theban elders. He seeks their support in the days to come, and in particular their support for his edict regarding Polyneices' body. The Chorus pledges their support. A Sentry enters, reporting fearfully that the body has been buried. A furious Creon orders the Sentry to find the culprit or face death himself. The Sentry leaves, but after a short absence he returns, bringing Antigone with him. Creon questions her, and she does not deny what she has done. She argues unflinchingly with Creon about the morality of the edict and the morality of what she has done. Creon grows angrier, and, thinking Ismene must have helped her, summons the girl. Ismene tries to confess falsely to the crime, seeking to die with her sister, but Antigone will have none of it. Creon orders that the two women be temporarily locked up inside.
Haemon, Creon's son and Antigone's fiancé, enters to pledge allegiance of his father. He initially seems willing to obey Creon. But when Haemon tries gently to persuade his father to spare Antigone, the discussion deteriorates and the two men are soon bitterly insulting each other. Haemon leaves, vowing to never see Creon again.
Creon decides to spare Ismene but to imprison Antigone in a cave. She is brought out of the house, and she bewails her fate and defends her actions one last time. She is taken away, with the Chorus expressing great sorrow because of what is going to happen to her.
Teiresias, the blind prophet, enters. He warns Creon that the gods side with Antigone. Creon accuses Teiresias of being corrupt, and Teiresias responds that because of Creon's mistakes, he will lose one child for the crimes of leaving Polyneices unburied and putting Antigone into the earth. All of Greece will despise him, and the sacrificial offerings of Thebes will not be accepted by the gods.
The Chorus, terrified, asks Creon to take their advice. He assents, and they tell him that he should bury Polyneices and free Antigone. Creon, shaken, agrees to do it. He leaves with a retinue of men to help him right his previous mistakes. The Chorus delivers a choral ode on/to the god Dionysis, and then a Messenger enters. He tells them that Haemon has killed himself. Eurydice, Creon's wife and Haemon's mother, enters and asks the Messenger to tell her everything. The Messenger reports that Haemon and Antigone have both taken their own lives. Eurydice disappears into the palace.
Creon enters, carrying Haemon's body. He understands that his own actions have caused these events. A Second Messenger arrives to tell Creon and the Chorus that Eurydice has killed herself. With her last breath, she cursed her husband. Creon blames himself for everything that has happened, and, a broken man, he asks his servants to help him inside. The order he valued so much has been protected, and he is still the king, but he has acted against the gods and lost his child and his wife. The Chorus closes by saying that the gods punish the proud, but punishment brings wisdom.
Reaction:
One of the themes that came to arise in this play was that of pride. Antigone showed great pride and stubborn allegiance towards her brother. She didn’t give up in trying to bury her brother and honoring him. She goes by what she feels is morally right. Creon also shows great pride and dedication to the law. He has made a choice of not giving Polynices any honor by letting his body rot instead of burying him. Due to these two characters pride it makes it impossible for either one of them to back down as soon as they make their stand.
Antigone is an interesting character. She shows great courage in taking a stand, especially for being a woman. In ancient times women were very limited in their lives, which made Antigone’s stand surprising and threatening. It threatened the gender roles and the hierarchy of the time. By rebelling she defied one of the fundamental rules of the society. She is a great example of a female idol before our time of equality.
The chorus played a significant part in the play. The Chorus comments on the action and interacts with Creon, actively giving advice at a critical moment late in the play. They are Theban elders, important for maintaining order in the city, and Creon summons them to win their loyalty. They watch the unfolding of events with sympathy, pitying Creon and Antigone but also commenting critically on their faults. They seemed to be the wisest in the play and helped give us a better understanding of the tragedy by giving a prologue and epilogue.
I didn’t find the use of the character Queen Eurydice of any importance. The chorus mentioned that her purpose in the tragedy was to keep knitting until she dies. That to me seems utterly useless; she commits suicide at the end after the other tragic deaths. Her death just didn’t seem to fit in with the tragedy. She just didn’t go along with the story.
The overall play wasn’t as pleasing as I perceived it to be. There just have been so many other tragic plays that I have already read that overwhelmed this play. Such as plays like Romeo and Juliet, Hamlet, Macbeth, and pretty much most of William Shakespeare’s plays. Other than that, I really don’t have much left to say.
2007-03-28
13:28:56
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