Gulag Speech
Introduction
·before the war, idea of camps being used for forced labor not a very popular topic
·but 2 years before war started, 1937, # of people in camps was at 1.2 million
·once war started, umber of people in camps went up and down
·after WWII ended, number of people in camps continued to rise until 1950, reached 2.5 million
·then on, numbers declined
·reason for all the high and lows because of the changing death rate and influx of people during the years
·1930 - 1953, over eighteen million people went through the camps
·these camps where millions went and millions died, called gulags
What is it?
·vast network of labor and prison camps in Siberia
·ranging from islands of white sea to shores of black sea, from the arctic circle to plains of central Asia
·acronym for"Glavnoe Upravlenie Lagerei", which means main administration camps
·Stalin believed these camps were critical to the soviet unions economic growth
·the camps had their own laws, their own customs, their own mortality, even their own slang
·were given shorter sentences and a pay raise in turn for working more
·they started disappearing after Stalin’s death in 1953
·after these camps were no more, survivors were able to recognize each other on the street because of looks in their eyes
·1970's & 1980's, some of the camps were turned into prisons for anti-soviet nationalists and criminals
·1987, Mikhail Gorbachev, last leader of the soviet union, began dissolving very last camps altogether
how/why used?
·When started:
·used to lock up unreliable elements
·rehabilitate the 1st enemies of the people
·1929, Stalin used forced labor to speed up soviet union’s industrialization
·how used:
·excavate natural resources from soviet unions barely habitable far north
·saw logs, haul timber, dig canals, mine coal
·Why used:
·easy way to get work done that normally would have taken forever
·needed somewhere to send criminals to learn a lesson
·they were supposed to be for forced labor but ended up as death camps because people were often worked to death
conditions
·most times faced:
·meager food rations
·inadequate clothing
·overcrowdedness
·poorly insulated clothing
·poor hygiene
·poor healthcare
·after Germany attacked Russia in 1941, conditions worsened dramatically
·quotas for workers increased
·rations were made even less
·they barely had any medical supplies
·Ultimately led to an increase in deaths
Effect on Russian society
·Spanned nearly 4 decades of Russian history
·Never again tried to make them a central part of society
·Survivors were scarred for life
·Then known as a murderous nation
·Created a nation of persecution and despotism(Despotism is a form of government by a single authority, either an individual or tightly knit group, which rules with absolute political power)
·Forced a migration of artists and people of culture to Siberia creating a renaissance
·Prisoners lost their jobs and eventually lost all their work skills
·Most often the prisoners were separated from their families and never saw them again unless their family was altogether in one of the camps
Conclusion
·In end, at least 1.6 million killed
·Camps were very harsh and people were lucky to get out
·1990 camps still being dissolved
·very important
·help understand Russian history and a major part of ww2
·almost as harsh as the camps Hitler made for Jews
2007-01-21
10:07:45
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3 answers
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asked by
Anonymous
in
History