All categories - 3 June 2007

2.1 Formal equivalence and dynamic equivalence
Equivalence in translation, which is a linguistic-based translation theory, emphasizes the form of the two languages. Eugene A Nida is an important figure in translation history, which puts forward two kinds of equivalence, namely, formal equivalence and dynamic equivalence.
According to Eugene Nida, the famous American translation theorist, “Anything that can be said in one language can be said in another”[3] 。Each language has its own distinctive characteristic, especially its own system of symbolizing meaning and complete intelligibility. Formal equivalence and dynamic equivalence are two approaches to translation proposed by Eugene A. Nida. He also made a distinction between two types of equivalence.
Formal equivalence or correspondence “focuses attention on the message itself, in both form and content”, unlike dynamic equivalence，which is based upon the principle of equivalent effect. In the second edition of their work, the two theorists provide a more detailed explanation of each type of equivalence. Formal correspondence consists of target language (TL) item, which represents the closest equivalent of a source language (SL) word or phrase. Nida and Taber make it clear that there are not always formal equivalents between language pairs. They therefore suggest that these formal equivalents should be used wherever possible if the translation aims at achieving formal rather than dynamic equivalence. The use of formal equivalents might at times have serious implications in the target text (TT) since the target audience will not easily understand the translation. Nida and Taber themselves assert that “typically formal correspondence distorts the grammatical and stylistic patterns of the receiver language, and hence distorts the message so as to cause the receiver to misunderstand or to labor unduly hard”.[4]

2007-06-03 21:55:35 · 1 answers · asked by Anonymous in Languages

2007-06-03 21:55:22 · 14 answers · asked by Anonymous in Martial Arts

2007-06-03 21:55:21 · 13 answers · asked by Anonymous in Religion & Spirituality

I am 22 years old and I have nearly chornic pelvic pain on my right side directly by my hip bone. It gets worse during my period, during and just after sex, and when I cough, laugh, or go to the bathroom.

When it first started hurting I had a small egg shaped bump in that area. I went to the emergency room and they basically patted me on the head, and said it was probably just lymph nodes.

During my next pelvic exame, I brougt this up. My doctor discovered my right ovary is enlarged and sent me for an ultrasound. It found nothing. So they gave me an internal ultrasound.

They still couldn't find anything. They have ruled out fibroids, cysts, and endometriosis. I was basically told I am fine and to stop worrying, but it has been two years! I am especially concerned about fertility.

Has anyone had a similar experience?

2007-06-03 21:55:00 · 6 answers · asked by odmayhea611 4 in Women's Health

2007-06-03 21:53:44 · 17 answers · asked by Anonymous in Polls & Surveys

you are the manager or just the guy who decides the name

2007-06-03 21:53:40 · 15 answers · asked by askandanswer 3 in Polls & Surveys

Ok I've been rapping( freestylin) for a while and then im starting to be like weird al now, where i would take a song and mixup the lyrics....( i started that cuz i wuz bored one day) but when people hear me rap or whatch me dance, how come they alwayz like trippen and stuff....me and my friend was dancin and we started doin the heel toe....evrybody kept sayin ooo look at that white girl..... i dont get it (my friend was mexican)

2007-06-03 21:53:18 · 4 answers · asked by *$IcEe$* 2 in Polls & Surveys

Its being beaten in the sales by its main competitor the 360 by 2 to 1, its also losing its exclusives left right and center, its over priced not may people are interested in blu-ray right now, it also state it will lat 10 years when in this time both Microsoft and Nintendo will have released a successor to their current system, and if the PS3 can't compete with their current consoles how can it have a hope against any new consoles, the wii is outselling the PS3 by 4 to 1 by the way.

Isn't the truth that those that say the 360 and wii suck are only saying out of frustration after wasting a huge amount of money only to find themselves owning a failing console.

2007-06-03 21:53:14 · 14 answers · asked by Closed 7 in Other - Games & Gear

After reading an article in the Washington Post about partial birth abortions, I did a little researsh. Here is what I found, a forced partial birth is induced and then:-

"An incision is made at the base of the skull, scissors are inserted into the incision and opened to widen the opening, and then a suction catheter is inserted into the opening. The brain is suctioned out, which causes the skull to collapse and allows the fetus to pass more easily through the birth canal." http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Partial_birth_abortion

I almost puked after I read that, so I searched for the alternative to this late term abortion technique, and discovered that a surgeon "takes the fetus apart" (basically dismembering it while it is still in the uterus). I did not think that was any better. So we either induce a partial birth and then crush the skull or tear the fetus apart in the uterus. How can anyone support such barbaric procedures?

2007-06-03 21:53:08 · 22 answers · asked by A Person 5 in Politics

2007-06-03 21:53:01 · 16 answers · asked by gone 7 in Polls & Surveys

I am due to do my ,driving test soon but my hubby says i cant drive his car when i pass. Do you think he is being unfair? Tell me what you think please.

2007-06-03 21:52:59 · 34 answers · asked by Anonymous in Marriage & Divorce

jujitsu or tikwondo

2007-06-03 21:52:38 · 13 answers · asked by Anonymous in Martial Arts

Hi, can anybody help me solving this integeration ?
Using this substitution:
x = p - t
Integerate
I = ∫(x.sin(x).dx)/(1+cos(x)^2)
From 0 to p.

2007-06-03 21:52:15 · 5 answers · asked by Anonymous in Mathematics

2007-06-03 21:51:38 · 10 answers · asked by Kiaspecter 1 in Corporations

Didn't Edwards get a $400 haircut?
Didn't Gore burn more electricity than a Texas electric chair last year?
Doesn't Hillary always vote for the most popular soup of the day?

All multi-millionairs. Real Men of the People!

At least Bush never PRETENDS to be something he is not.

How do you democrats take them seriously?

2007-06-03 21:51:18 · 12 answers · asked by bill h 2 in Elections

till the anitbiotics work?........ ouch...

2007-06-03 21:51:18 · 15 answers · asked by Anonymous in Polls & Surveys

I love to read but hate to spend a lot of time in choosing books esp in library.So I just grap a book with beautiful cover and it alwalys turn out to be a book I don't like.Honestly,I like comedy,romance and fanstcy friction books(in English) but I don't know what auther is the best for that kind of novels.Recommendation is highly appreciated.Thank you!

2007-06-03 21:50:50 · 10 answers · asked by Anonymous in Books & Authors

Its been a month. Portugal can be reached in a few hours. The twins- do they need some semblance of normality yet? Surely the Team can be based here, our International airports are excellent, with frequent flights out.

What do you think?

2007-06-03 21:50:08 · 34 answers · asked by babyshambles 5 in Current Events

French(francais)

2007-06-03 21:49:58 · 12 answers · asked by Anonymous in Languages

Is it when you get a feeling of spirituality that is so intense that you pass out and fall to the floor?

Is it real, or are they faking?

2007-06-03 21:49:39 · 13 answers · asked by Anonymous in Religion & Spirituality

I'd put mine up for the championship!

2007-06-03 21:49:01 · 15 answers · asked by ♥Pretty♥ ♥Kitty♥ 7 in Polls & Surveys

whats that mean exactly? and whats some other meaningful ________is to_________ as _______is to ________?

2007-06-03 21:48:56 · 7 answers · asked by Anonymous in Polls & Surveys

Fix You?

2007-06-03 21:48:29 · 19 answers · asked by Daughter of a Coma Guy 7 in Polls & Surveys

its because i just finished my essay and i dont know how to double space and i dont want to start over!

2007-06-03 21:47:59 · 5 answers · asked by mary's love shack 2 in Other - Computers

wouldn't it make quitting it much easier...

2007-06-03 21:47:33 · 18 answers · asked by S 4 in Polls & Surveys

2007-06-03 21:47:26 · 11 answers · asked by Anonymous in Movies

My friends were debatin over it and saw some chick with a freakin canyon in between her ****, so do **** spread after tit sex???

2007-06-03 21:47:14 · 4 answers · asked by Joe F 1 in Men's Health

I am a young black girl. I have always dated inside my race. The thing is I am so tired of how black men are just dogs. I am always asked about by Hispanic or white men but I try to stick with my race. But now I feel as if I don't want to date black anymore. Am I wrong for just kicking all black men to the curb because of just a few bad apples?

2007-06-03 21:46:33 · 24 answers · asked by STL chick 1 in Singles & Dating

I am wondering what a girl wear during bed time specialy those who live with family. my wife wear sari and nighties which covers body.Do sinlgle living girl wear lingeries like bras and panties only as depicted in some movies?

2007-06-03 21:46:20 · 21 answers · asked by Anonymous in Other - Beauty & Style

about 2 months ago...i asked the same question...

now in Month of June...what do you think about Cubs $300 million speding during off-season?

2007-06-03 21:46:04 · 6 answers · asked by Frankie 2 in Baseball