Biology - November 2006

_____1. Which of these processes occurs in the cytosol?
a) the Krebs cycle c) glycolysis
b) the electron transport system d) the transition reaction

_____2. Complete oxidative breakdown of glucose results in ____ ATP molecules.
a) 2 b) 4 c) 32 d) 36 e) 39

_____3. The transition reaction breaks
a) glucose into pyruvates
b) pyruvates into glucose
c) pyruvates into acetyl-CoA and carbon dioxide
d) pyruvates into acetyl-CoA and water
e) acetyl-CoA into pyruvates and carbon dioxide

_____4. The first reaction in the Krebs cycle is binding
a) carbon dioxide to a four carbon molecule
b) carbon dioxide to a five carbon molecule
c) acetyl-CoA to a four carbon molecule
d) acetyl-CoA to a five carbon molecule

_____5. Glycolysis yields about ___ of the energy in glucose in ATP molecules.
a) 2% b) 15% c) 28% d) 39%

_____6. The process based on the Greek root words for "sweet" and "dissolve" is
a) metabolism b) glycolysis c) phosphorylation d) fermentation e) chemiosmosis

_____7. The first process in breaking down glucose is
a) glycolysis
b) the electron transport system
c) the Krebs cycle
d) fermentation
e) the transition reaction

_____8. Which process produces both NADH and FADH2?
a) glycolysis
b) the electron transport system
c) the Krebs cycle
d) fermentation
e) the transition reaction

_____9. Which process produces alcohol or lactate?
a) glycolysis
b) the electron transport system
c) the Krebs cycle
d) fermentation
e) the transition reaction

_____10. Which process reduces molecular oxygen to water?
a) glycolysis
b) the electron transport system
c) the Krebs cycle
d) fermentation
e) the transition reaction

_____11. Which process involves the chemiosmotic phosphorylation?
a) glycolysis
b) the electron transport system
c) the Krebs cycle
d) fermentation
e) the transition reaction

_____12. Which connects glycolysis with the final stages of the aerobic pathway?
a) glycolysis
b) the electron transport system
c) the Krebs cycle
d) fermentation
e) the transition reaction

_____13. The large number of ATPs produced are
a) embedded in the cristae membranes and diffuse both directions
b) inside the mitochondria matrix and diffuse out through the membrane
c) inside the mitochondria matrix and leave through a channel protein
d) outside the mitochondria and diffuse out through the membrane
e) outside the mitochondria and enter through a channel protein

_____14. The enzymes of the electron transport chain are bound to the surface of the cristae. The cristae
are folded inward in order to
a) decrease the intermembrane space
b) increase diffusion surface for glycolysis
c) separate the products from the substrate in the Krebs cycle
d) form a battery like "cells" for the electron transport chain
e) reduce the distance the FADH2 and NADH has to travel, and place the products of one reaction
near the enzymes for the next reaction

_____15. Compared to other cell components (organelles, cell membrane or nucleus), the mitochondria
would be the only fraction that would
a) form an electrochemical gradient across a membrane
b) use significant amounts of oxygen
c) use a chemiosmotic complex to produce ATP
d) produce ATP via glycolysis
e) release protons (H+)

_____16. One turn of the Krebs cycle produces
a) 2 NADH, 2 FADH2, 2 ATP
b) 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 1 ATP
c) 1 NADH, 3 FADH2, 2 ATP
d) 3 NADH, 2 FADH2, 1 ATP
e) 3 NADH, 1 FADH2, 2 ATP

_____17. Acetyl-CoA is produced from
a) pyruvate and a coenzyme
b) citric acid and a coenzyme
c) ATP and pyruvate
d) carbon dioxide and pyruvate
e) citric acid and carbon dioxide

_____18. The carbon dioxide (CO2) we exhale is produced in
a) glycolysis c) the electron transport system
b) lactate fermentation d) the Krebs cycle

_____19. The primary energy carrier between the Krebs cycle and the electron transport system is
a) NADH b) ADP c) FADH2 d) water (H2O) e) carbon dioxide (CO2)

_____20. About ___ of the energy in the glucose molecule is captured in ATP through the reactions
of cellular respiration.
a) 12% b) 26% c) 39% d) 57% e) 84%

_____21. Which process must occur before fermentation?
a) the Krebs cycle
b) glycolysis
c) fermentation
d) the electron transport system
e) the transition reaction

_____22. The critical factor driving yeast to use fermentation to metabolize sugar is
a) inability to carry on glycolysis
b) lack of oxygen
c) lack of any enzymes
d) that the yeast is intolerant to alcohol
e) that yeast can secure 38 ATP molecules from fermentation

_____23. Which of these pairs of processes are anaerobic?
a) fermentation and glycolysis
b) fermentation and the Krebs cycle
c) glycolysis and the Krebs cycle
d) the Krebs cycle and the electron transport system
e) glycolysis and the electron transport system

_____24. Degradative reactions
a) cause death
b) can drive anabolism
c) tend to be endergonic
d) include the build up of products such as complex proteins and nucleic acids
e) All of the above are true.

_____25. For fatty acids to be able to enter the pathways of cellular respiration, they must be
a) deaminated
b) combined with glycerol
c) combined with ATP
d) broken into acetyl groups
e) be converted into five carbon sugars

_____26. Adult humans cannot synthesize ____ out of ____ acids.
a) eleven, twenty
b) nine, eleven
c) nine, twenty
d) any, twenty
e) half, all

_____27. The amino acids we cannot synthesize are called ____ because we _____.
a) unnecessary, therefore do not need them
b) limiting, must be included in our diet
c) anabolic, must use alternative amino acids
d) essential, must be included in our diet
e) superfluous, must survive without them

_____28. Which of the following occurs in both cellular respiration and photosynthesis?
a) Calvin cycle b) Chemiosmosis c) Citric acid cycle d) Krebs cycle e) Glycolysis

_____29. What is the cause of cramps you feel in your muscles during strenuous exercise?
a) Lactic acid fermentation
b) Alcohol fermentation
c) Chemiosmotic coupling
d) Too much oxygen delivery to the muscles
e) Oxidative phosphorylation

_____30. Which of the following statements is Incorrect?
a) Glycolysis can occur with or without oxygen
b) Glycolysis occurs in the mitochondria
c) Glycolysis is the first step in both anaerobic and aerobic respiration
d) Glycolysis leads to the production of 4 ATP, 2 NADH, and 2 pyruvate.

_____31. Which of the following molecules can give rise to the most ATP?
a) NADH b) FADH2 c) Pyruvate d) Glucose

_____32. What is the value of the alcohol fermentation pathway?
a) It produces ATP
b) It produces lactate (or lactic acid)
c) It produces ADP for the electron transport chain
d) It replenishes carbon dioxide for the dark reaction
e) It replenishes NAD+ so that glycolysis can produce ATP

_____33. What is the purpose of oxygen (O2) in aerobic respiration?
a) Oxygen accepts electrons at the end of the electron transport chain.
b) Oxygen is necessary to carry away the waste carbon dioxide.
c) Oxygen is used in the formation of sugar molecules.
d) The oxygen molecule becomes part of the ATP molecule.
e) Oxygen donates H+ used in the formation of NADH.

_____34. The greatest contributor of electrons to the electron transport system is
a) oxygen b) glycolysis c) the Krebs cycle d) the transition reaction e) fermentation

_____35. Substrate level phosphorylation takes place in
a) glycolysis and the Krebs cycle
b) the electron transport system and the transition reaction
c) glycolysis and the electron transport system
d) the Krebs cycle and the transition reaction
e) Both B and D are correct.

_____36. Which of these is Not true of fermentation?
a) net gain of only two ATP
b) occurs in the cytosol
c) NADH donates electrons to electron transport system
d) begins with glycolysis
e) carried on by yeast

_____37. Fatty acids are broken down to
a) pyruvate molecules, which take electrons to electron transport system
b) acetyl groups, which enter the Krebs cycle
c) amino acids, which excrete ammonia
d) glycerol, which is found in fats
e) All of these are correct.

_____38. The enzyme ATP synthase is responsible for making ATP and is found in large quantities embedded in mitochondrial
and chloroplast membranes. Peter Mitchell proposed the idea of chemiosmosis to help explain ATP synthesis. Choose the
answer that best completes the following sentence: Hydrogen ions are driven from the mitochondrial ____ to the inner membrane
space by the power of the _____ and then flow down a gradient through ATP synthase, phosphorylating ADP to produce ATP.
a) cristae; ATP
b) matrix; ATP
c) cristae; electron transport chain
d) matrix; electron transport chain
e) matrix; cristae

_____39. Which of the following reactions occurs in the mitochondria?
a) transcription b) glycolysis c) Calvin cycle d) Krebs cycle e) light reactions

_____40. Most of the ATP made during cellular respiration is generated by
a) glycolysis.
b) intermediate transport steps.
c) the Krebs cycle.
d) oxidative phosphorylation.
e) photophosphorylation

_____41. The product(s) of alcohol fermentation is (are)
a) lactic acid b) ethanol c) ADP d) NADH e) Both ADP and NADH.

_____42. At the end of glycolysis, each molecule of glucose has yielded 2 molecules of _____,
2 molecules of ____, and a net of 2 molecules of _____.
a) lactic acid; NADH; ATP
b) ethanol; NAD+; ATP
c) pyruvate; NADH; ADP
d) pyruvate; NAD+; ADP
e) pyruvate; NADH; ATP

_____43. In anaerobic cells, the ratio of pyruvate/lactate is much less than 1, while under aerobic
conditions the ratio of pyruvate/lactate is much greater than 1 because
a) pyruvate is the oxidizing agent in the formation of NAD+ from NADH.
b) lactic acid can only be generated under anaerobic conditions required for ADP regeneration.
c) pyruvate decomposes to lactate under anaerobic conditions.
d) pyruvate is converted to carbon dioxide under anaerobic conditions.
e) mitochondria prefer lactic acid to pyruvate for cellular respiration pathways.

_____44. Chemiosmosis occurs in
a) mitochondria only
b) nuclei only
c) ribosomes only
d) chloroplasts only
e) In both mitochondria and chloroplasts.

_____45. Which of the following is Not a Net product of glycolysis or the Krebs cycle?
a) pyruvate b) NADH c) ATP d) CO2 e) NAD+

_____46. Oxygen is required for aerobic respiration because it is
a) an activator for pyruvate kinase.
b) the reducing agent in the electron transport chain.
c) the oxidizing agent in the electron transport chain.
d) the oxidizing agent for acetyl CoA.
e) the reducing agent for acetyl CoA.

_____47. Which of the following results in the creation of the most ATP?
a) Krebs cycle b) Calvin cycle c) oxidative phosphorylation d) fermentation e) glycolysis

_____48. When oxygen becomes unavailable, this process regenerates NAD+, allowing respiration to continue.
a) glycolysis b) chemiosmosis c) fermentation d) Calvin cycle e) photolysis

_____49. This process leads to the net production of two pyruvate, two ATP, and two NADH.
a) glycolysis b) chemiosmosis c) fermentation d) Calvin cycle e) photolysis

_____50. This process couples the production of ATP with the movement of electrons down the
electron transport chain by harnessing the driving force created by a proton gradient.
a) glycolysis b) chemiosmosis c) fermentation d) Calvin cycle e) photolysis

_____51. Which of the following statements is True about phosphofructokinase?
a) It is stimulated by ATP.
b) It is stimulated by citrate.
c) Acetyl CoA is one of its substrates.
d) Fructose phosphate is one of its products.
e) Fructose bisphosphate is one of its products.

_____52. Glucose can be broken down in both alcoholic fermentation and cellular respiration.
How many times more efficient is cellular respiration than alcoholic fermentation?
a) 2 times
b) 9 times
c) 18 times
d) 34 times
e) It is not - fungi are the most efficient consumers known to man.

_____53. During respiration, most ATP is formed as a direct result of the net movement of
a) potassium against a concentration gradient.
b) protons down a concentrated gradient.
c) electrons against a concentrated gradient.
d) electrons through a channel.
e) sodium ions into a cell.

_____54. The products of glycolysis are
a) 2 ATP and 2 NADH
b) 2 ATP and 1 NADH
c) 2 ATP and 2 NAD+
d) 2 ADP and 2 NADH
e) 2 ADP and 2 NAD+

_____55. Which of the following pathways for the transformation of cellular energy most likely evolved first?
a) cyclic photophosphorylation
b) citric acid (Krebs) cycle
c) Calvin cycle
d) C4 photosynthesis
e) glycolysis

_____56. Glycolysis occurs
a) in the ribosomes. c) in the cytoplasm.
b) in the intercellular matrix of the mitochondria. d) on the inner surface of the plasma membrane.

_____57. The process in which CO2 is released as a by product of oxidation-reduction reactions.
a) glycolysis
b) Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle)
c) Calvin cycle
d) light dependent reactions of photosynthesis
e) chemiosmosis

_____58. Process in which sugar is oxidized to produce pyruvic acid or pyruvate.
a) glycolysis
b) Krebs cycle (citric acid cycle)
c) Calvin cycle
d) light dependent reactions of photosynthesis
e) chemiosmosis

_____59. When ATP is produced in mitochondria, all of the following occur Except
a) Water is formed from O2, electrons, and H+.
b) NADH is converted to NAD+ and H+.
c) Protons are pumped out of the mitochondria.
d) An electrochemical gradient is established across mitochondrial membranes.
e) A pH gradient is established across mitochondrial membranes.

_____60. During cellular respiration, ATP is generated by all of the following Except
a) glycolysis
b) oxidative phosphorylation
c) the Calvin-Benson cycle or Calvin cycle
d) biochemical pathways occurring in the cytoplasm
e) biochemical pathways occurring in the mitochondria

2006-11-26 12:56:45 · 9 answers · asked by ameeeeeeeeeeeeeeeet 2

i need to make a brochure for a cell
and i need certain information, what activities
take place in the cell. and any other information
you can give me. any would be great, thanks :]

2006-11-26 12:41:17 · 3 answers · asked by Megan 1

what is the composition of cell membranes?
kind of ribosome is found in the cells?
do the cells contain mitochondria?
do the cells contain chloroplasts?
do the cells have walls and if so of what are they composed?
how do the cells reproduce?
how do the cells obtain the nutrients needed for survival
how do the cells move
does the kingdom include multi-cellular organisms
are the cells specialized for different functions?

some one please tell me bcause everywhere ive looked they dont help

2006-11-26 12:34:56 · 1 answers · asked by tahsui876 3

which one is the answer
(a)systems-organs-tissue-cell
(b)cells-organs-tissue-system
(c)tissue-system-cells-organs
(d)cells-tissue-organs-systems

2006-11-26 12:32:57 · 5 answers · asked by punsin h 1

its for my homework so pleaze help, i'd appreciate it very much

2006-11-26 12:32:18 · 3 answers · asked by Anonymous

All I can find is what it is called, not why it is there.

2006-11-26 12:16:39 · 6 answers · asked by Anonymous

1) TWO DAUGHTER SKIN CELLS HAVE JUST BEEN FORMED AS A RESULT OF MITOSIS. What do you know about their chromosmes?

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2) Describe the relationship between DNA, chromosomes and genes.

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3) suppose every pea plant in your garden has a short stem. Short stem height is a recessive trait and should show up only in a small number of the plants. What other possible cause for this effect might there be besides inherited traits?

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4)Humans have 26 chromosomes. how many of a child's chromosomes come from their mother?

a) 12 c) 32
b) 23 d) 46



please make the answers no more than 4 lines long each question.
no linkz please.

THANK YOU SOOOOO MUCH!

2006-11-26 12:10:40 · 6 answers · asked by Anonymous

I am doing this for science and am unsure of what sites to look at (pardon the pun- Eyes/look at).

2006-11-26 12:01:21 · 5 answers · asked by jessica a 2

2006-11-26 12:00:05 · 9 answers · asked by pepu_92 1

If a woman has brown eyes, what is the probability that she's naturally blonde?

2006-11-26 11:43:30 · 4 answers · asked by Anonymous

If a woman has naturally blonde hair, what is the probability she has brown eyes?

2006-11-26 11:41:39 · 4 answers · asked by Anonymous

what resembles a cell? im talkin what parts of a cell are just like something we use or see everyday?

2006-11-26 11:08:05 · 4 answers · asked by Nick the Nerd 3

2006-11-26 10:53:58 · 1 answers · asked by smashbrolover 1

2006-11-26 10:53:12 · 1 answers · asked by smashbrolover 1

DNA was not thought to be the genetic blueprint. Many scientist hypothesized that "blank" contained the genetic code and bluprint of life.

2006-11-26 10:42:24 · 5 answers · asked by JustMe 2

2006-11-26 10:06:14 · 11 answers · asked by STORMY K 3

Or can they melt at all?

2006-11-26 09:56:59 · 7 answers · asked by delusionalenigma 2

The cell membrane of red bloood cells is permeable to water but not to sodium chloride, NaCI.
Suppose you have these flasks:

Flask x contains a solution that is 0.5 percent NaCI
Flask Y contains a solution that is 0.9 percent NaCI
Flask z contians a solution that is 1.5 percent

To each flask you add red blood cells, whick contain a solution that is 0.9 percent NaCI

Predict what will happen to the red blood cells in flask x, y, and z

hOw do you know what happens i have no idea what to do
please and thank you for your help!

2006-11-26 09:27:56 · 5 answers · asked by Anonymous

2006-11-26 08:46:28 · 3 answers · asked by kristin e 1

Discuss the effects of lifestyle on heart/lung functions. 500words

Any helpful suggestions would be appreciated thanks

2006-11-26 08:36:01 · 10 answers · asked by rheckels 2

I know it is not a choice, but I need to prove that it is not a lifestyle. I am wrtiting my senior thesis, and I really need to prove my point. Any answers, or recommended links?

2006-11-26 08:33:21 · 8 answers · asked by Gabriel 1

im doing this project for school. we are studying about cell. and comparing cells to the earth. one of our questions is what is the earths membrane. in your opinion what do you think it is?

2006-11-26 07:58:58 · 7 answers · asked by Anonymous

2006-11-26 07:54:46 · 12 answers · asked by Anonymous

What function might each of the 3 types of diffusion serve in an independent cell like a Paramecium or an amoeba?

(simple diffusion, facilitated diffusion, and Active Transport)

2006-11-26 07:52:27 · 8 answers · asked by kitty 1

2006-11-26 07:31:59 · 3 answers · asked by PauL M 1

What benifit is it that women do not grow beards, but men do?

2006-11-26 07:30:57 · 10 answers · asked by Anonymous

Any store i can go to 2 get a styrofoam ball...I need it 2 do an animal cell

2006-11-26 07:15:03 · 6 answers · asked by Salvador 2

2006-11-26 07:09:36 · 21 answers · asked by The Global Geezer 7

I need to know how protein synthesis relates to cloning. It would be most appreciated if you could explain the cloning process and identify which part is related to protein synthesis

2006-11-26 07:06:49 · 2 answers · asked by lightning_bots 2

2006-11-26 06:34:32 · 1 answers · asked by Anonymous