Esta Bien o mal?
Es retogrado ,superretogrado o ultraretogardo?
Spanish as the second most spoken language in the country must be taught in all Public Schools, starting at KinderGarde. The advancement of kindergarten education was a major focus for the energies of female reformers in Germany during the 1848 revolution and the rest of the nineteenth century. Friedrich Froebel (1782-1852), an educator and philosopher who had studied with Swiss pedagogue Johann Heinrich Pestalozzi, formulated the educational philosophy of the kindergarten. Froebel, who was born in Oberweissbach, Thuringia as the son of a pastor, had attended the University of Jena. A veteran of the Wars of Liberation, he had previously founded schools for boys and written several treatises on education. Following Pestalozzi's teachings, he believed that mothers should take a leading role in the education of small children. His best-known book, written in 1843, was Mutter- und Koselieder, a series of songs designed to help mothers provide sensory stimulation and educational play for children from the first months of life.
Froebel, however, believed that most mothers were not qualified to perform this crucial educational function, and therefore designed a new type of institution for early-childhood education, which he called the Kindergarten. He founded the first kindergarten in Blankenburg, Thuringia in 1840. The kindergarten differed from existing preschool institutions, most of which were church-run day-care centers known as Bewahranstalten or Kleinkinderschulen. These institutions provided chiefly custodial services for the children of the very poor. Their pedagogy was based on traditional Christian doctrines of original sin, and their teaching staff was largely male; beginning in the 1830s, Protestant deaconesses were also sometimes employed in these institutions. By contrast, Froebel designed the kindergarten for children of all classes, though at first it attracted chiefly middle-class children. Its pedagogical approach, based on that of Rousseau and Pestalozzi, denied original sin and affirmed the child's innate capacity for rationality and spiritual growth, which must be encouraged by a nurturing and supportive classroom atmosphere. Froebel, having failed to interest the male-dominated teaching profession in his ideas, called upon women to staff the kindergarten. Strongly believing that child rearing skills, though resting on an innate maternal instinct, must nonetheless be developed through training, he set up the first institute to train women kindergarten teachers at Keilhau, Thuringia in the early 1840s.
2006-11-01
16:13:19
·
6 answers
·
asked by
Anonymous