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Fish and Omega-3 Fatty Acids
AHA Recommendation
Omega-3 fatty acids benefit the heart of healthy people, and those at high risk of — or who have — cardiovascular disease.
We recommend eating fish (particularly fatty fish) at least two times a week. Fish is a good source of protein and doesn’t have the high saturated fat that fatty meat products do. Fatty fish like mackerel, lake trout, herring, sardines, albacore tuna and salmon are high in two kinds of omega-3 fatty acids, eicosapentaenoic acid (EPA) and docosahexaenoic acid (DHA).
To learn about omega-3 levels for different types of fish — as well as mercury levels, which can be a concern — see our Encyclopedia entry on Fish, Levels of Mercury and Omega-3 Fatty Acids.
We also recommend eating tofu and other forms of soybeans, canola, walnut and flaxseed, and their oils. These contain alpha-linolenic acid (LNA), which can become omega-3 fatty acid in the body. The extent of this modification is modest and controversial, however. More studies are needed to show a cause-and-effect relationship between alpha-linolenic acid and heart disease.
The table below is a good guide to use for consuming omega-3 fatty acids.
Summary of Recommendations for Omega-3 Fatty Acid Intake
Population Recommendation
Patients without documented coronary heart disease (CHD) Eat a variety of (preferably fatty) fish at least twice a week. Include oils and foods rich in alpha-linolenic acid (flaxseed, canola and soybean oils; flaxseed and walnuts).
Patients with documented CHD Consume about 1 g of EPA+DHA per day, preferably from fatty fish. EPA+DHA in capsule form could be considered in consultation with the physician.
Patients who need to lower triglycerides 2 to 4 grams of EPA+DHA per day provided as capsules under a physician’s care.
Patients taking more than 3 grams of omega-3 fatty acids from capsules should do so only under a physician’s care. High intakes could cause excessive bleeding in some people.
Background
In 1996 the American Heart Association released its Science Advisory, “Fish Consumption, Fish Oil, Lipids and Coronary Heart Disease.” Since then important new findings have been reported about the benefits of omega-3 fatty acids on cardiovascular disease. These include evidence from randomized, controlled clinical trials. New information has emerged about how omega-3 fatty acids affect heart function (including antiarrhythmic effects), hemodynamics (cardiac mechanics) and arterial endothelial function. These findings are outlined in our November 2002 Scientific Statement, “Fish Consumption, Fish Oil, Omega-3 Fatty Acids and Cardiovascular Disease.”
The ways that omega-3 fatty acids reduce CVD risk are still being studied. However, research has shown that they
* decrease risk of arrhythmias, which can lead to sudden cardiac death
* decrease triglyceride levels
* decrease growth rate of atherosclerotic plaque
* lower blood pressure (slightly)
What do epidemiological and observational studies show?
Epidemiologic and clinical trials have shown that omega-3 fatty acids reduce CVD incidence. Large-scale epidemiologic studies suggest that people at risk for coronary heart disease benefit from consuming omega-3 fatty acids from plants and marine sources.
The ideal amount to take isn’t clear. Evidence from prospective secondary prevention studies suggests that taking EPA+DHA ranging from 0.5 to 1.8 grams per day (either as fatty fish or supplements) significantly reduces deaths from heart disease and all causes. For alpha-linolenic acid, a total intake of 1.5–3 grams per day seems beneficial.
Randomized clinical trials have shown that omega-3 fatty acid supplements can reduce cardiovascular events (death, non-fatal heart attacks, non-fatal strokes). They can also slow the progression of atherosclerosis in coronary patients. However, more studies are needed to confirm and further define the health benefits of omega-3 fatty acid supplements for preventing a first or subsequent cardiovascular event. For example, placebo-controlled, double-blind, randomized clinical trials are needed to document the safety and efficacy of omega-3 fatty acid supplements in high-risk patients (those with type 2 diabetes, dyslipidemia, hypertension and smokers) and coronary patients on drug therapy. Mechanistic studies on their apparent effects on sudden death also are needed.
Increasing omega-3 fatty acid intake through foods is preferable. However, coronary artery disease patients may not be able to get enough omega-3 by diet alone. These people may want to talk to their doctor about taking a supplement. Supplements also could help people with high triglycerides, who need even larger doses. The availability of high-quality omega-3 fatty acid supplements, free of contaminants, is an important prerequisite to their use.
2007-04-10 06:09:49
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answer #1
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answered by Dr.Qutub 7
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Hi 1. The worst in this set is team not making the playoff. I live by the theroy that laws are really just suggestions, and follow the ones I choose to. 2. My team losing the home opener with me there would be horrid. I drink pepsi while at the game, of course I bring a little container with my own flavor shot in it. The beer guy doesnt provide what i drink, so got to make due anyway. 3. The person that raised me is my MOM. If I was to find out today or tomorrow or any other day that geniticly speaking she isn't, she is still the lady that cryed when i did wrong, that cryed when I walked the stage, that cried when I said I do. I am the person that she calls son, so even if not by DNA she is still my mom. Plus my team going to SLC would suck donkey balls. 4. I bearly have a pinky toe so guess team losing in the finals. 5. Sweet did it make the cover. It would be awesome to be that guy. People worldwide would notice me, I bet. Roosters are pretty fearsome though. Anyone else ever been attacked by a roosted, not fun. I shall say rooster though, as I would LOVE to be that guy. 6. NOOOOOO. You mean I could have started drinking in 99 at bars instead of 2001. Wait I was drinking at bars in 99. Team getting one point every home game wouldn't do. Then would most likely miss the playoffs and that would suck. So homeOT loses for a year is worse. 7. She might find hair on my fingernails ticklish, but imposible to draft a washed up old guy. So going with Draft since that would be making the impossible happen. Thank You
2016-03-17 22:45:51
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answer #2
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answered by ? 3
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Natural Cholesterol Guide?
2016-05-18 11:39:47
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answer #3
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answered by Anonymous
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Eat more things like fish, and olive and canola oils (Mono unsaturated fats). Garlic is also good. Peanut Butter. Exercise. Eat high fiber diets, whole grains they help soak up LDL (bad cholesterol). You need soluble fiber. Stop drinking alcohol, stop or cut back on smoking. It's pretty much a serious lifestyle change. But it's not all that hard. Introduce it slowly, and you shouldn't have a problem. Most important though, is eating a lot of soluble fiber.
2007-04-09 20:31:25
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answer #4
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answered by Anonymous
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By eating more food with good cholestrol and less food with trans fat. However Id advise you not to worry too much about the proportion because scientists have recently discovered to their horror that having a higher good cholestrol count does not necessarily equate to reducing your chances of getting heart disease.
2007-04-09 20:32:02
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answer #5
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answered by Anonymous
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Dietary control is essential, but you have to understand what is "bad" cholesterol.
HDL is good, and LDL is bad....... but it turns bad in the presence of Free radicals after which it begins to block the passage of blood, creates acidic tears in internal tissue, lines ducts to reduce efficiency of the organ.
So what you have to concentrate in doing is ; along with reduced intake of foods that increase ":bad" fats, make sure you reduce the levels of oxidants; free radicals in the body.
Exercise, positive mind set, stress control and optimum nutrituion. Pranayam is known to reduce LDL:HLD ratios.
That is far more effective.
Take "Suved" auyrvedic formulation. It works till you learn to look after yourself.!
2007-04-10 01:33:47
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answer #6
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answered by Maa Su 2
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Eat less, Walk more!
2007-04-09 20:32:53
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answer #7
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answered by rehmanms 2
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excesise and reduce in world obesity
2007-04-09 20:23:10
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answer #8
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answered by sailing!!! 2
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