Jews have contributed much to humanity in the sciences especially.?

Question

Please give me some examples, as many as possible. I am in debate with someone on this. Thank you.

Answer 1

Here's a list of Jewish Nobel Laureates:

Biomedical Sciences:
2006 Fire, Andrew Z.
"for their discovery of RNA interference - gene silencing by double-stranded RNA" USA
2004 Axel, Richard
"for their discoveries of odorant receptors and the organization of the olfactory system" USA
2002 Brenner, Sydney
"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death" South Africa
2002 Horvitz, H. Robert
"for their discoveries concerning genetic regulation of organ development and programmed cell death" USA
2000 Greengard, Paul
"signal transduction in the nervous system" USA
2000 Kandel, Eric R.
"signal transduction in the nervous system" Austria
1998 Furchgott, Robert F.
"for their discoveries concerning nitric oxide as a signaling molecule in the cardiovascular system" USA
1997 Prusiner, Stanley B.
"for his discovery of Prions - a new biological principle of infection" USA
1994 Gilman, Alfred G.
"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells" USA
1994 Rodbell, Martin
"for their discovery of G-proteins and the role of these proteins in signal transduction in cells" USA
1989 Varmus, Harold E.
"for their discovery of the cellular origin of retroviral oncogenes" USA
1988 Elion, Gertrude B.
"for their discoveries of important principles for drug treatment" USA
1986 Cohen, Stanley
"for their discoveries of growth factors" USA
1986 Levi-Montalcini, Rita
"for their discoveries of growth factors" Italy
1985 Brown, Michael S.
"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism" USA
1985 Goldstein, Joseph L.
"for their discoveries concerning the regulation of cholesterol metabolism" USA
1984 Milstein, Cesar
"for theories concerning the specificity in development and control of the immune system and the discovery of the principle for production of monoclonal antibodies" Argentina
1980 Benacerraf, Baruj
"for their discoveries concerning genetically determined structures on the cell surface that regulate immunological reactions" Venezuela
1978 Nathans, Daniel
"for the discovery of restriction enzymes and their application to problems of molecular genetics" USA
1977 Schally, Andrew V.
"for their discoveries concerning the peptide hormone production of the brain" Poland
1977 Yalow, Rosalyn
"for the development of radioimmunoassays of peptide hormones" USA
1976 Blumberg, Baruch S.
"for their discoveries concerning new mechanisms for the origin and dissemination of infectious diseases" USA
1975 Baltimore, David
"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumor viruses and the genetic material of the cell" USA
1975 Temin, Howard M.
"for their discoveries concerning the interaction between tumor viruses and the genetic material of the cell" USA
1972 Edelman, Gerald M.
"for their discoveries concerning the chemical structure of antibodies" USA
1970 Axelrod, Julius
"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation" USA
1970 Katz, Bernard
"for their discoveries concerning the humoral transmitters in the nerve terminals and the mechanism for their storage, release and inactivation" Germany
1969 Luria, Salvador E.
"for their discoveries concerning the replication mechanism and the genetic structure of viruses" Italy
1968 Nirenberg, Marshall W.
"for their interpretation of the genetic code and its function in protein synthesis" USA
1967 Wald, George
"for their discoveries concerning the primary physiological and chemical visual processes in the eye" USA
1965 Jacob, Francois
"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis" France
1965 Lwoff, Andre
"for their discoveries concerning genetic control of enzyme and virus synthesis" France
1964 Bloch, Konrad
"for their discoveries concerning the mechanism and regulation of the cholesterol and fatty acid metabolism" Germany
1959 Kornberg, Arthur
"for their discovery of the mechanisms in the biological synthesis of ribonucleic acid and deoxyribonucleic acid" USA
1958 Lederberg, Joshua
"for his discoveries concerning genetic recombination and the organization of the genetic material of bacteria" USA
1953 Krebs, Hans Adolf
"for his discovery of the citric acid cycle" Germany
1953 Lipmann, Fritz Albert
"for his discovery of co-enzyme A and its importance for intermediary metabolism" Germany
1952 Waksman, Selman A.
"for his discovery of streptomycin, the first antibiotic effective against tuberculosis" Russia
1950 Reichstein, Tadeus
"for their discoveries relating to the hormones of the adrenal cortex, their structure and biological effects" Poland
1947 Cori, Gerty Theresa, Radnitz
"for their discovery of the course of the catalytic conversion of glycogen" Czech Republic
1946 Muller, Hermann J.
"for the discovery of the production of mutations by means of X-ray irradiation" USA
1945 Chain, Ernst Boris
"for the discovery of penicillin and its curative effect in various infectious diseases" Germany
1944 Erlanger, Joseph
"for their discoveries relating to the highly differentiated functions of single nerve fibers" USA
1936 Loewi, Otto
"for their discoveries relating to chemical transmission of nerve impulses" Austria
1930 Landsteiner, Karl
"for his discovery of human blood groups" Austria
1922 Meyerhof, Otto Fritz
"for his discovery of the fixed relationship between the consumption of oxygen and the metabolism of lactic acid in the muscle" Germany
1914 Barany, Robert
"for his work on the physiology and pathology of the vestibular apparatus" Austria
1908 Ehrlich, Paul
"for their work on immunity" Germany
1908 Mechnikov, Elie
"for their work on immunity"

Chemistry:
2006 Kornberg, Roger. D.
"for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription" USA
2004 Ciechanover, Aaron
"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation" Israel
2004 Hershko, Avram
"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation" Hungary
2004 Rose, Irwin
"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation" USA
2000 Heeger, Alan J.
"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers" USA
1998 Kohn, Walter
"for his development of the density-functional theory" Austria
1994 Olah, George A.
"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry" Hungary
1992 Marcus, Rudolph A.
"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems" Canada
1989 Altman, Sidney
"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA" Canada
1985 Hauptman, Herbert A.
"for their development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures" USA
1985 Karle, Jerome
"for their development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures" USA
1982 Klug, Aaron
"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes" Lithuania
1981 Hoffmann, Roald
"for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions" Poland
1980 Berg, Paul
"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA" USA
1980 Gilbert, Walter
"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids" USA
1979 Brown, Herbert C.
"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis" Ukraine
1977 Prigogine, Ilya
"for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures" Russia
1972 Anfinsen, Christian B.
"for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation" USA
1972 Stein, William H.
"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active center of the ribonuclease molecule" USA
1962 Perutz, Max F.
"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins" Austria
1961 Calvin, Melvin
"for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants" USA
1943 de Hevesy, George
"for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes" Hungary
1918 Haber, Fritz
"for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements" Germany
1915 Willstatter, Richard M.
"for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll" Germany
1910 Wallach, Otto
"for his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds" Germany
1906 Moissan, Henri
"for his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him" France
1905 von Baeyer, J. F. W. Adolf
"for his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds" Germany

Physics:
2006 Kornberg, Roger. D.
"for his studies of the molecular basis of eukaryotic transcription" USA
2004 Ciechanover, Aaron
"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation" Israel
2004 Hershko, Avram
"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation" Hungary
2004 Rose, Irwin
"for the discovery of ubiquitin-mediated protein degradation" USA
2000 Heeger, Alan J.
"for the discovery and development of conductive polymers" USA
1998 Kohn, Walter
"for his development of the density-functional theory" Austria
1994 Olah, George A.
"for his contribution to carbocation chemistry" Hungary
1992 Marcus, Rudolph A.
"for his contributions to the theory of electron transfer reactions in chemical systems" Canada
1989 Altman, Sidney
"for their discovery of catalytic properties of RNA" Canada
1985 Hauptman, Herbert A.
"for their development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures" USA
1985 Karle, Jerome
"for their development of direct methods for the determination of crystal structures" USA
1982 Klug, Aaron
"for his development of crystallographic electron microscopy and his structural elucidation of biologically important nucleic acid-protein complexes" Lithuania
1981 Hoffmann, Roald
"for their theories, developed independently, concerning the course of chemical reactions" Poland
1980 Berg, Paul
"for his fundamental studies of the biochemistry of nucleic acids, with particular regard to recombinant-DNA" USA
1980 Gilbert, Walter
"for their contributions concerning the determination of base sequences in nucleic acids" USA
1979 Brown, Herbert C.
"for their development of the use of boron- and phosphorus-containing compounds, respectively, into important reagents in organic synthesis" Ukraine
1977 Prigogine, Ilya
"for his contributions to non-equilibrium thermodynamics, particularly the theory of dissipative structures" Russia
1972 Anfinsen, Christian B.
"for his work on ribonuclease, especially concerning the connection between the amino acid sequence and the biologically active conformation" USA
1972 Stein, William H.
"for their contribution to the understanding of the connection between chemical structure and catalytic activity of the active center of the ribonuclease molecule" USA
1962 Perutz, Max F.
"for their studies of the structures of globular proteins" Austria
1961 Calvin, Melvin
"for his research on the carbon dioxide assimilation in plants" USA
1943 de Hevesy, George
"for his work on the use of isotopes as tracers in the study of chemical processes" Hungary
1918 Haber, Fritz
"for the synthesis of ammonia from its elements" Germany
1915 Willstatter, Richard M.
"for his researches on plant pigments, especially chlorophyll" Germany
1910 Wallach, Otto
"for his pioneer work in the field of alicyclic compounds" Germany
1906 Moissan, Henri
"for his investigation and isolation of the element fluorine, and for the adoption in the service of science of the electric furnace called after him" France
1905 von Baeyer, J. F. W. Adolf
"for his services in the advancement of organic chemistry and the chemical industry, through his work on organic dyes and hydroaromatic compounds" Germany

Economics:
2007 Hurwicz, Leonid
"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory" Russia
2007 Maskin, Eric S.
"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory" USA
2007 Myerson, Roger B.
"for having laid the foundations of mechanism design theory" USA
2005 Aumann, Robert J.
"for having enhanced our understanding of conflict and cooperation through game-theory analysis" Germany
2002 Kahneman, Daniel
"for having integrated insights from psychological research into economic science, especially concerning human judgment and decision-making under uncertainty" Israel
2001 Akerlof, George A.
"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information" USA
2001 Stiglitz, Joseph E.
"for their analyses of markets with asymmetric information" USA
1997 Scholes, Myron S.
"for a new method to determine the value of derivatives " Canada
1994 Harsanyi, John C.
"for their pioneering analysis of equilibria in the theory of non-cooperative games" Hungary
1993 Fogel, Robert W.
"for having renewed research in economic history by applying economic theory and quantitative methods in order to explain economic and institutional change" USA
1992 Becker, Gary S.
"for having extended the domain of microeconomic analysis to a wide range of human behavior and interaction, including nonmarket behavior" USA
1990 Markowitz, Harry M.
"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics" USA
1990 Miller, Merton H.
"for their pioneering work in the theory of financial economics" USA
1987 Solow, Robert M.
"for his contributions to the theory of economic growth" USA
1985 Modigliani, Franco
"for his pioneering analyses of saving and of financial markets" Italy
1980 Klein, Lawrence R.
"for the creation of econometric models and the application to the analysis of economic fluctuations and economic policies" USA
1978 Simon, Herbert A.
"for his pioneering research into the decision-making process within economic organizations" USA
1976 Friedman, Milton
"for his achievements in the fields of consumption analysis, monetary history and theory and for his demonstration of the complexity of stabilization policy" USA
1975 Kantorovich, Leonid V.
"for their contributions to the theory of optimum allocation of resources" Russia
1973 Leontief, Wassily
"for the development of the input-output method and for its application to important economic problems" Russia
1972 Arrow, Kenneth J.
"for their pioneering contributions to general economic equilibrium theory and welfare theory" USA
1971 Kuznets, Simon
"for his empirically founded interpretation of economic growth which has led to new and deepened insight into the economic and social structure and process of development" USA
1970 Samuelson, Paul A.
"for the scientific work through which he has developed static and dynamic economic theory and actively contributed to raising the level of analysis in economic science"

Answer 2

Simple, just forget about the numbers. The work of Isaac Newton & Albert Einstein is fairly sufficient. However, they contributed to humanities despite of Judaism, not because of it. People are born equal. There are many Jews around the world, most of the Jews who won the Noble prize were not among the Jews in the 3rd world countries. It’s not a matter of religion or ethnicity.

Answer 3

I am offended by your debate, your question, and by most of your answers. I am a proud 60 year old Jewish man. I don't worry about how much Christians or Muslims have contributed to humanity in the sciences especially. I have no examples that Christians have done anything special. The only examples I see of the goodness and warmth of Christianity is the hate spewed by the few people here on Y/A who feel it is their duty to convert me to see the light of Jesus. I see the questions like yours which imply that I am not the same as other people. I see the answers that imply that there way to believe is the only way to believe. It has almost gotten to the point of the commercial from Kennel Rations. "My dog is better then your dog because he gets Kennel Rations". I see "My God is better then your God, because he is Jesus.

I do not mind a good discussion of the difference between religions. I can understand different points of view toward God or the lack of God. What I cannot understand is the superiority of some people's beliefs that they are right and I am wrong. In the end we all end in the same place. Dead. Why can't we accept others in the small amount of time we have alive on this planet?

Answer 4

Jews Have Dont Nothing But Rediscover and Reinvent What Africans have invented and discovered. A Theroy was found in an African anchiet Library similar to newton`s law of motion. Egyptain Astronmers discovered the planets far before jews or chirstains did. Africans Created The First Boat. Africans discovered gravity far before jews or any europeans did they just called is something different. The oldest fossils of modern man are nearly 150,000 years old. Probably on a rainy day, a human walked in wet sand near what is now known as Border Cave in the Lebombo Mountains between South Africa and Swaziland. In the 1970's during the excavations of Border Cave, a small piece of the fibula of a baboon, the Lebombo bone, was found marked with 29 clearly defined notches, and, at 37,000 years old, it ranks with the oldest mathematical objects known. The bone is dated approximately 35,000 BC and resembles the calendar sticks still in use by Bushmen clans in Nimibia.

So no Jews have only rediscovered what Africans have.

Answer 5

Duh....... do the words Einstein, Miriam Yalow, Jonas Salk, and about 30% of all the Nobel Prizes in the Sciences mean anything? For a people who comprise less than 1% of the human population, they've done more to advance science, humanities and arts than any other group. It pays to study hard and not worry about being being on the varsity football squad.

Answer 6

Here's a list of Jewish Nobel Prize winners: http://www.jewishvirtuallibrary.org/jsource/Judaism/nobels.html
21% of winners have been Jewish, though Jews make up only a very very small percent of the population.

Here's a list of important Jewish scientists: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Category:Jewish_scientists

What's the debate?
"Investor"--Isaac Newton wasn't Jewish.

Answer 7

some examples...
in psychology: Freud, Jung
in physics: Einstein, Max Born
in philosophy: Spinoza
in sociology: Marx

Answer 8

Einstein, Freud, Lord Winston (fertility expert)

Try this link though:
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/List_of_Jewish_scientists_and_philosophers

Answer 9

Einstein is a good example. Realistically, there is no real correlation to race in the sciences.

Answer 10

religion and science dont have any link. every religion have great people, bad people. also good people are non religious. because religion bound a person to a group, then that person will think only for his group. not for human as a whole.

Answer 11

They sure have. We are lucky to have their help.

the wiki link below should help

There are thousands of them.