hi where can any one help me?

Question

i want to find the recent developments that have been made in transport sector from 1947 to 2007. can any one help me trying to find the developments

Answer 1

Availability of adequate, efficient and affordable infrastructural facilities, both economic and social, constitutes the core of development strategy and efforts. In the absence of infrastructure services, enterprises are forced to seek higher-cost alternatives which impact profits and production levels adversely. The demand for infrastructural services has increased rapidly after industrial liberalisation of the Indian economy. Unfortunately, infrastructural bottlenecks remain the biggest stumbling block of industrial progress in the country. By their very nature, infrastructure projects involve huge initial investments, long gestation periods and high risk.
The present work explains and examines problems and inadequacies of various sectors of economic and social infrastructure in India. Changes in infrastructure policy and new institutional arrangements for infrastructure development are also set forth.
The book is organised into 5 parts. Part I containing chapter 1 is introductory in nature and explains the issues and policies involved in infrastructure development.



Part II is devoted to economic infrastructure and consists of the following chapters. Chapter 2 describes the inadequacies, recent achievements and potential of India’s energy sector. Chapter 3 is devoted to India’s transport sector, viz. railways, roads, ports, and civil aviation. Chapter 4 focuses on telecommunications in which India has made creditable progress in recent years. Chapter 5 covers Special Economic Zones (SEZs) and controversies related to them. Chapter 6 deals with urban and rural infrastructure. Chapter 7 explains tax incentives for infrastructure development in India.
Part III deals with social infrastructure and contains the following chapters. Chapter 8 is introductory in nature, explaining the various concepts associated with social development of a country. Chapter 9 explains incidence of poverty, its causes and government measures to reduce it. Chapter 10 covers the crucial area of health and family welfare. Chapter 11 is devoted to programmes of education, with focus on elementary education. Chapter 12 deals with labour force and employment. Chapter 13 examines issues related to labour welfare. Chapter 14 relates to women workers and their welfare. Chapter 15 focuses on empowerment of socially disadvantaged groups.
Part IV contains edited extracts on infrastructure from India’s Five Year Plans from First Five Year Plan (1951-56) to Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-07) and Approach Paper to Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-12).
Part V contains 5 Appendices which provide relevant material on the subject.

CONTENTS

Part I: Infrastructure Development: An Introduction

1. Infrastructure Development: An Introduction – Infrastructure and Economic Development; Traditional Approach to Infrastructure; Commercialisation of Infrastructure Services: The New Approach; Allocation of Risks: The Key Problem; Infrastructure Finance: Nature and Options; India Infrastructure Finance Company Limited (IIFCL); Recent Policy Announcements on Infrastructure; FDI in Infrastructure; Conclusion
Part II: Economic Infrastructure

2. Energy Sector: Objectives and Policy Measures – Electric Power; Coal; Oil and Gas
3. Transport Sector: Recent Initiatives and Outlook – Indian Railways; Roads and Road Transport; Ports; Civil Aviation
4. Telecommunications: The Great Leap – Importance of Telecommunications; Telecommunications in India; New Telecom Policy (NTP), 1999; Bharat Sanchar Nigam Limited (BSNL) and Mahanagar Telephone Nigam Limited (MTNL); Telecommunications Regulatory Authority of India (TRAI); FDI in Telecommunications; Telecommunication Services in Rural Areas; Recent Policy Initiatives in Telecom Sector; Agenda for Reforms; Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-12) on Telecom and Connectivity; Vision for the Future; Modernisation of Postal Services; Conclusion
5. Special Economic Zones (SEZs): Islands of Integrated Production Facilities – Economics of SEZs; SEZs in India; Main Features of the SEZ Policy in India; Criteria for Approval; Conversion of EPZs into SEZs; Performance of SEZs in India; Apprehensions and Concerns; SEZs and National Security; Lessons from China; Challenges/Task Ahead; Conclusion
6. Urban and Rural Infrastructure – Urban Infrastructure; Rural Infrastructure
7. Tax Incentives for Infrastructure Development – Economics of Tax Incentives; Justification for Tax Incentives for Infrastructure Development; Tax Incentives under Income Tax Act, 1961

Part III: Social Infrastructure

8. Human Development and Social Security – Human Development Indicators; Millennium Development Goals: Deadline 2015; Social Security: Conceptual Framework; Social Security in India’s Constitution; Present Status of Social Security in India; Major Programmes for Social Development Launched in 2005-06; Disaster Management; Roadmap for the Future
9. Poverty and Poverty Alleviation Programmes – How is Poverty Line Drawn?; Incidence of Poverty; Causes of Poverty; Major Poverty Alleviation and Employment Generation Programmes; Union Budget 2005-06: Assault on Poverty and Unemployment; Conclusion
10. Health and Family Welfare – Health; Family Welfare; Nutrition Support; Conclusion
11. Education and Training – Education as Critical Input; Elementary Education: Select Programmes; Secondary and Higher Education; Technical Education; Adult Education; Education and Health in the Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-12)
12. Labour Force and Employment Policy – Work Force Participation Rates; Occupational Structure; Nature and Extent of Unemployment in India; Causes of Unemployment; Government Policy to Tackle Unemployment; Second National Commission on Labour, 2002; Results of 55th Round of NSSO Survey on Employment and Unemployment, 1999-2000; Results of 60th Round of NSSO Survey on Employment and Unemployment, January-June 2004; Special Group on Targeting Ten Million Employment Opportunities Per Year during the Tenth Plan; Swarna Jayanti Shahari Rozgar Yojana (SJSRY); Swarnjayanti Gram Swarozgar Yojana (SGSY); Sampoorna Grameen Rozgar Yojana (SGRY); National Food for Work Programme (NFFWP); Employment Policy in Tenth Five Year Plan (2002-2007); Sectoral Policies for Employment Generation; National Rural Employment Guarantee Act, 2005: Main Provisions; Eleventh Five Year Plan (2007-12) on Employment; Future Employment Scenario
13. Labour Welfare: Legal Framework and Initiatives – Need for Social Security; Constitution and the Directive Principles of State Policy; Legislations Pertaining to Labour; Labour Related Organisations/Activities/Schemes; Employees State Insurance (ESI) Scheme; Employees Provident Fund (EPF); Payment of Gratuity; Employees Pension Scheme; Retrenchment Compensation; Unemployment Allowance; Labour Welfare Funds; Insurance Scheme for Cultivators; Insurance Scheme for Agricultural Workers; Tax Concessions for Labour Welfare; Conclusion
14. Women Workers: Legislations and Empowerment – Provisions Regarding Working Conditions for Women; Women Welfare: Constitutional Rights; Categorisation of Laws Pertaining to Women; Equal Remuneration Act, 1976; Maternity Benefit Act, 1961; Factories Act, 1948; Mines Act, 1952; Plantation Labour Act, 1951; Beedi and Cigar Workers (Conditions of Employment) Act, 1966; Employees State Insurance Act, 1948; Enforceability of the Acts; Recommendations of National Commission on ; Self-employed Women Regarding Enforcement of Labour Laws; Empowerment of Women
15. Empowerment of Socially Disadvantaged Groups – Scheduled Castes; Scheduled Tribes; Other Backward Classes (OBC); Minorities; Physically/Mentally Challenged; Social Deviants; Older Persons; Other Disadvantaged Groups; Right to Maintenance; Conclusion
Part IV: Economic and Social Infrastructure in India’s Five Year Plans: Edited Extracts

Part V: Appendices

Appendix 1: Economic Reforms in India: An Overview; Appendix 2: Ten Point Agenda Declared by Minister of Communications and Information Technology on 24.05.2006; Appendix 3: Cellular Mobile Telephone Service; Appendix 4: Very Small Aperture Terminal (VSAT); Appendix 5: Universal Service Obligation Fund (USOF)

Select Bibliography; Index
About the authors...
K. Narindar Jetli did his post-graduation from the University of Delhi. He worked for 30 years (1963-1993) with Indian Oil Corporation (IOC), a Fortune 500 company. At IOC, he served as a senior officer and worked in the public relations, operations, sales and marketing departments.
Mr. Jetli is currently General Manager (HRD and Administration) with Jaquar & Co. Ltd. (an ISO 9001:2000 company), New Delhi. The contents of this publication also include a series of lectures delivered by him during training programmes of the company. He was elected as member of Confederation of Indian Industry (CII), Delhi State Council for 2002-03.
He has also delivered lectures at the Delhi School of Economics, University of Delhi, International School of Business, New Delhi, International School of Business and Media, Kolkata and Pune and Institute of Productivity and Management, Meerut. He is also on the panel for selecting students for admission in these management institutes. He has so far written 3 books and contributed numerous articles in journals and newspapers.
Vishal Sethi did his B.Com. (Hons.) from Shri Ram College of Commerce (SRCC), University of Delhi. Thereafter, he secured his PGDGM from Narsee Monjee Institute of Management Studies, Mumbai and C.A. (Inter) from the Institute of Chartered Accountants of India. He has more than 7 years of industry experience in the areas of telecom and finance. For sometime, he was associated with Reliance Infocomm Ltd. (a Fortune 500 Company). Currently, he is Head – Management Services Department in KLG Systel Ltd., a leading ‘knowledge company’ in India providing IT-centric, organisation-life-cycle software solutions, and consultancy in process, power, manufacturing and infrastructure sectors. His earlier works titled Communication Services in India – 1947 to 2007 and Telecom Sector in India: Law, Policy and Procedures have been widely acclaimed and appreciated.

Answer 2

Intense use of motorized vehicles. At the beginning of world war II the Germans transported most of their heavy logistical support by horse drawn carriers.
An amazing quantum jump in Air carriers. There are literally people who crossed the US in covered wagons that lived to fly cross country in Jets.
last but not least the Space shuttle. It doesn't support public transport but a reusable space vehicle is a major development.

Answer 3

Surely the development of the Jet engine. Designed by Sir Frank Whittle just before WWII and gifted by the UK to America.

I never realised just how generous the UK can be.

I am aware that Germany had a jet engine of their own about the same time but the events of WWII prevented successful development of their engines.

Ian M

Answer 4

In general, I'd say more motorization. Bicycles replaced by scooters sort of thing, you know. More scooters, motorbikes, cars. More people taking planes.

Nothing else that's too new. The wheel has been around since longer than 1947.

Answer 5

Hi Chum,
If you want an easy answer email me [e-mail].I would say that utilisation of Rubber with enhanced properties has helped travel.Remember those yesteryears when vehicles could not move in hot areas?
Cassie

Answer 6

Try this..India Infrastructure Report
http://www.3inetwork.org/reports/IIR2006/Urban%20Transport.pdf

if this does not suffice try a google search using the keyword "India Infrastructure Reports 2007"

Answer 7

hi how ar you

Answer 8

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