What are the two types of passive air defense measures used to defend against an air attack?

Answer 1

Are you talking about avoiding attack, or countermeasures to thwart an attack? If you wanted to avoid attack, dispersion, concealment, and hardened positions would help. Mobility is a good asset, never leaving your assets in the same place for too long. If you wanted to thwart an attack, don't communicate with radios, keep radar transmissions to a minimum, and there is always chaff for false radar targets, and flares as ir countermeasures.

Answer 2

There are more than two, but you're probably looking for Dispersal and Hardening.

In other words, Run and Hide.

Answer 3

Hoist the white flag (French style)
Hold your weapon upside down with both hands.