What is the principle of jet planes?

Question

How jet planes are working and how it is moving can you some me for referincial web sites for info

Answer 1

Most of the common jet planes take air in the front and spinning wheels with curved winglike blades compress the air to ram it into burners. The burning fuel both makes gases and heats the incoming air causing it to expand in a closed space which increases the pressure enormously. The pressure can not escape forward against the incoming pressure so it escapes to the rear where some of it passes through the blades of another wheel, the turbine which drives the compressor while the rest escapes unrestrained. Since there is a net unrelieved pressure toward the front of the engine as mass is thrown out the back, the engine and the plane attached to it move forward.
There is a special kind of jet engine called a ram jet in which there is no compressor or turbine. The intake is shaped to compress the air and provide a block for the exiting gases. This is more efficient that having the turbine and compressor using some of the energy. Unfortunately, the ram effect only begins working at several hundred miles per hour so such a jet must be launched to speed, usually with a rocket from the ground or from a speeding jet carrying the vehicle with the ram.
The old V-1 flying rocket of WWII had yet another form where there were actual spring loaded vanes at the front that slammed shut on the back pressure and then openned to let more air in. The sound of the air being admitted, fired and blocked, was very noisy - leading to the name "buzz bomb" when the buzzing stopped the missle was about to dive - on you. Also launched with a rocket booster.
As I expected Wikip has a good article with cross sectional pictures (click to enlarge) and additional types
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Jet_engine

Answer 2

The general thrust equation for a jet engine says the force moving the plane forward is the sum of these 2 bits:

1) the mass FLOW (pounds of air per second) times velocity at the front minus same at the back. The mass at the back also has a bit of fuel too.

2) difference of pressure between front and back of the engine times the exit area.

So getting lots of power comes down to either making that mass flow a big number (scooping tons of air [high bypass jet engines]) or balsting out air at major velocity (turbojets).

NASA does a great job of simplifying many fairly complicated aerospace issues into basic algebra. If you like jets, I recommend their sections of supersonic flight too.

Answer 3

Thrust, lift, and drag, as applies to all aircraft.