musquito menace i do not want to use chemicals /fan..surroundings are clean and no stagnent water?

Answer 1

use Ayurveda's mosquito repellents or use instincts cubes available at shops which sell pooja items,these some effective measures against mosquito's.

Answer 2

Ask local agriculture university people they will give you names of certain plants which give particular smells and work as mosquito repellent.

Answer 3

Use Mosquito nets.

Answer 4

i've heard catnip repels mosquitos, i'm sure you can find how to grow it somewhere on the web.

Answer 5

use ur hand & kill them , afterwards wash them[ (ur) hands]

Answer 6

Nature's Herbal

Natural Mosquito & Insect Shield

Grow your own mosquito repellent

The news is full of horror stories, including the spread of the West Nile Virus by mosquitoes. At the same time, a news item landed on my desk that seems to promise a simple, natural way to fend off the little buggers.

Last year, several members of the Iowa State University Department of Entomology presented the results of a study on common catnip. Among their conclusions was the fact that an essential oil in catnip is 10 times more effective at repelling mosquitoes than potent chemicals such as DEET.

DEET is currently the most common active ingredient in commercial mosquito and bug repellents. Unfortunately, many studies indicate that DEET is also a dangerous chemical for humans, especially children. A study carried out at Duke University Medical Center revealed that DEET can cause brain-cell death and may trigger behavioral changes indicative of neurological damage in rats after frequent or prolonged use.

In an effort to find a safer alternative, the scientists investigated several plant essential oils that were commonly recommended as insect repellents by organic gardeners. Catnip ranks high on the list of natural bug-busters and evidently with good reason. In the Iowa study, the researchers noted that small doses of catnip oil were at least as effective at repelling mosquitoes as 10 times larger doses of DEET (which was used at typical recommended application rates for commercial products).

While the researchers don't know why mosquitoes don't like catnip oil, they do know a good thing when they see it. Recently, the Iowa State University Research Foundation applied for a patent for the use of catnip essential oils as compounds. Within a few years, we'll probably see many safe, non-toxic mosquito repellents on the market.

In the meantime, why not grow some mosquito repellent of your own? If you have a sunny, well-drained patch of lean garden soil, try planting some catnip. The plant you need is a perennial herb called Nepeta cataria. Closely related to ornamental catmint, or Nepeta faassenii (or N. mussinii), catnip is generally grown as a cat-pleasing or medicinal tea herb rather than for its looks.

Catnip is far from ugly, but its gentle blue flowers are definitely out-produced by its masses of softly hairy, gray-green foliage. Like most herbs, it prefers well-drained soil and plenty of sunlight. If you garden on heavy clay, you may succeed better with catnip and other herbs if you give them a mounded bed or grow them on a slope to improve winter drainage.

The first year you plant catnip, you may need to water it a time or two, especially if next summer is as hot and dry as this one has been. However, fall-planted herbs, including catnip, often need very little water the following summer. Fall and winter rains can help plants create deep, strong root systems that increase the natural drought resistance of catnip and many other herbs.

Don't feed your fall-planted herbs, but do mix some compost into their planting soil. A mix of half compost, half native soil is usually just right. Top off the soil with a light blanket of compost (2-3 inches) to help feed those actively growing roots through the cool months.

Even in spring, don't feed your herbs with anything but compost, or at most a mild all-purpose organic fertilizer such as Whitney Farms 5-5-5. Adding too much fertilizer can cause lush overgrowth in many herbs, leading to dilute or low-quality essential oil production. In some cases, herbs such as creeping thymes can be killed by commercial fertilizers, so when in doubt, use only a very mild fertilizer and apply it at half the suggested application rate.

This summer, I experimented with making both catnip vinegar spritzers and catnip infused oils. Both did a fine job of keeping mosquitoes and no-see-ums at bay during our warm summer evenings. If you would like to try this yourself, here are the simple recipes I used:


CATNIP MOSQUITO SPRITZ
MAKES ABOUT 3 CUPS

* 2 cups catnip, stemmed
* 3-4 cups mild rice vinegar

Rinse herbs, roll lightly with a rolling pin, then place them in a clean quart jar and cover with vinegar. Seal jar and store in a dark cupboard for two weeks.

Shake jar lightly every day or so for two weeks. Strain into a clean jar, seal and refrigerate for up to 6 months unused.

To use, spritz on exposed skin and around outdoor dining area.


CATNIP AND ROSEMARY MOSQUITO CHASING OIL
MAKES ABOUT 2 CUPS.

* 2 cups catnip, stemmed
* 1 cup rosemary, cut in 6-inch sprigs
* 2 cups grapeseed oil or any light body-care oil

Roll herbs lightly with a rolling pin and pack into a clean jar. Cover with oil, seal jar and place in a cool, dark cupboard for two weeks.

Shake jar lightly every day or so for two weeks. Strain into a clean jar, seal and refrigerate for up to 8 months unused.

To use, rub on exposed skin.

8 Full Ounces of Protection

Clean fresh scent, No harsh fumes!

Nature's Herbal Natural Mosquito & Insect Shield is a full 8 ounces of long lasting protection against mosquitoes and other pests. Based on actual research studies at Iowa State University, in which Catnip oil was found to be 10 times more effective than DEET. Nature's Herbal Natural Mosquito & Insect Shield contains 100% pure Catnip oil (nepetalactone), 100% pure Pennyroyal oil (known to repel biting insects), 100% pure Rosemary oil and Pure Vegetable Glycerin, used to keep the product on the skin for up to 8 hours. This product far out-lasts and out-performs any other product on the market today.

New information, New Discoveries, There is no such thing as a Mosquito repellent!

Catnip Repels Mosquitoes More Effectively Than DEET

CHICAGO, August 27, 2001 — Researchers report that nepetalactone, the essential oil in catnip that gives the plant its characteristic odor, is about ten times more effective at repelling mosquitoes than DEET — the compound used in most commercial insect repellents.
The finding was reported today at the 222nd national meeting of the American Chemical Society, the world's largest scientific society, by the same Iowa State University research group that two years ago discovered that catnip also repels cockroaches.

Entomologist Chris Peterson, Ph.D., with Joel Coats, Ph.D., chair of the university's entomology department, led the effort to test catnip's ability to repel mosquitoes. Peterson, a former post-doctoral research associate at the school, is now with the U.S. Department of Agriculture Forest Service, Wood Products Insects Research Unit, in Starkville, Miss.
Peterson says nepetalactone is about 10 times more effective than DEET because it takes about one-tenth as much nepetalactone as DEET to have the same effect. Most commercial insect repellents contain about 5 percent to 25 percent DEET. Presumably, much less catnip oil would be needed in a formulation to have the same level of repellency as a DEET-based repellent.

Catnip is a perennial herb belonging to the mint family and grows wild in most parts of the United States, although it also is cultivated for commercial use. Catnip is native to Europe and was introduced to this country in the late 18th century. It is primarily known for the stimulating effect it has on cats, although some people use the leaves in tea, as a meat tenderizer and even as a folk treatment for fevers, colds, cramps and migraines.


Non-electric Mosquito Repellent Liquid Vaporizer

Nearly 70-80% of population of India is living in the rural areas and almost 75% of these areas are yet to be covered by electrical power supply. On the other hand half of the population is under poverty line, many rural families are still to afford electricity supply. The fates of far front areas are more pitiful due to lack of hygienic awareness among the population and unhealthy social and environmental condition. The villages surrounded by forests, ponds and rivers are inviting every risk of high proliferation of mosquito borne diseases like malaria.

The rural population is not much aware of how to fight against mosquito borne diseases. Therefore higher malaria cases are reported from rural areas every year. Uses of mosquito net, repellent vaporizer, ointment and coil are the most commonly employed protection measures against mosquito bites. Mosquito repellent vaporizers available in the market at present are electrically operated and hence can not be used in rural areas where electrical supply is yet to reach. Development of mosquito vaporizer suitable for use in rural areas is therefore today's utmost demand. Moreover, the synthetic repellant used in these vaporizers causes allergic and toxic effects to human health.

Keeping in view the above facts and to overcome the hurdles, the laboratory, through its research and development efforts, has developed an indigenous "Mosquito Vaporizer" kit suitable for rural and remote areas. The kit mainly consists of one kerosene oil burner and a herbal liquid extract. The kerosene burner emits heat, which in turn vaporizes the herbal liquid integrated to the burner resulting in repellency to mosquitoes.

Herbal Mosquito Repellent Vaporizer

Nature's beauty and generosity are blessing for mankind. Since time immemorial, herbs and plants are being used for protection of health and hygiene. Over exploitation of chemicals nowadays has posed serious health hazards and environmental degradation. Some synthetic mosquito repellents continuously release chemical vapour which when inhaled by room occupants is detrimental to their health and hygiene, particularly in case of children.

The laboratory has identified some local herbs, the extract of which act as Mosquito Repellent without any harmful side effects. This eco-friendly herbal formulation is 100% natural and evaporates slowly with fragrance to keep away mosquitoes and other biting insects.

The advantages of the Mosquito Repellent Vaporizer are:

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Herbal product
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Eco-friendly
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Highly effective with no side effects
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Cost effective

Poly herbal mosquito repellent

Studies show that though the chemical repellents against mosquitoes, black flies and leeches are highly effective, users do not prefer these due to their typical chemical odour and burning sensation on the surface of the skin and eyelids etc. Moreover, essential oil of plants have been tried as mosquito repellent which gives only 1-2 hours protection against mosquito bites.

DRL, Tezpur has developed poly herbal mosquito repellent which is the combination of three most promising mosquito repellent essential oils. In-vivo trial of the repellent showed 5 hours protection against mosquito bites.

Advantages:

* It is completely natural oil.
* No burning or any other sensation when used on body skin.
* The odour is sweet.
* It creates no stain on the body.

Herbal Floating Tablet Mosquito Larvicide

Mosquito larval control measures are preferred in a situation where adulticidal measures are neither cost effective nor acceptable to the community and the breeding of mosquito is confined to limited areas. Larval control measures are also preferred as preventive measures in areas, which are prone to frequent outbreak of insect borne diseases.

The breeding habitats of mosquitoes vary from large permanent collection of water body like fresh water swamps, marshes, rice fields, burrow pits etc. to smaller temporary collection of water like small pools, puddles,dishes, drains etc.

A variety of natural habitats such as water filled tree hole, bamboo stump, split coconut husk, rock pool, leaf axles etc. can serve as ideal breeding ground for freshwater breeding mosquitoes like Anopheles and Ades. While natural habitats provide ideal breeding ground for mosquito in rural areas. Manmade habitats are the major contributing factors in urban areas.

In this respect, different methodologies have been adopted for control of mosquito larvae, e.g., chemical spray. application of larvivorous fishes, source reduction of filling the ditch, ponds, tree holes and application of biocides like Bacillus thuringiensis etc. Though these methods are adopted for control of mosquito larvae in water body, it has been observed that practically application in all these situations is not as feasible as much as thought. It requires a lot of manpower and weekly spraying of costly chemicals. Application of larvivorous fishes is a major problem in flood-affected areas.

In order to overcome these problems, the laboratory has developed a technology of control release of herbal larvicide called "Herbal Floating Tablet". This tablet has been formulated using biodegradable herbal product impregnated with plant extracts.The efficacy of the tablet is 30 days. The tablet can be applied at the rate of 1 tablet (100 mg) per square meter in open water surface, while in tree holes, earthen pot, containers etc. 2-5 mg per litre of water body is recommended. The tablet has inherent anti-fungal properties, hence can be preserved for longer period.

Advantages:

* The technique is simple, non-toxic to non-target organism and biodegradable in nature.
* Economically feasible and easily adaptable in the field.
* The tablet floats on water from 4-7 days, larvicidal plant extracts present in the tablet dissolves in water with the help of mucilage present in tablet and kills the larvae.
* Effectiveness of the tablet lasts for 5 days.
* Tablet can be thrown to target areas without visiting the place physically.
* It is easy to store for a longer period and cost effective in transportation.
* The tablet is helpful to control the Anopheles mosquito larvae as the latter remains on the surface of the water.

Bio-larvicide for mosquito control

DRLT-138 Bacillus sphaericus

DRL, Tezpur has isolated entomopathogenic bacteria from soil which is highly effective against Culex and Anopheles larvae. It has also been found effective against Aedes species. The bacteria were identified as Bacillus sphaericus G.C. Sub group IV. Bs acts on mosquito larvae through its parasporal crystal delta endotoxin. The endotoxin acts on mid-gut epithelium causing disintegration of gut wall, cessation of feeding activity, starvation and leakage of gut contents into haemolymph and body cavity of the mosquito larvae causing paralysis and death. After getting amazing success in extensive field trial for control of mosquito larvae, the B. sphaericus G.C. sub group IV has been used to develop a bio-larvicide of 10% powder formulation.

Recommended dose for field use of the formulation is 100 g/hac. to be sprayed uniformly over the water surface of the mosquito breeding site with a Knapsack sprayer.

Advantages:

* No chemical present in the formulation.
* Environment friendly, safe even for drinking water.
* Effectively controls larvae of Anopheles and Culex in varying habitats.
* Easy to handle, transport, store and apply in rural as well as urban areas.

Control of malaria in the Cantonments and Civil Populace

Maintained Lamacamp as malaria free cantonment by adopting minimum control measures:

Parasite control

Monthly active surveillance of malaria was carried out in cantonment and surrounding villages for early detection and treatment of malaria cases to reduce the parasitic load in the populace.



Personal Protection measure

A total of 8414 bed nets were impregnated with K-othrine flow (2.5%) @ 25mg/cm2 in Army (3095) and Civil populace (5319) as a personal protection measure for reduction of man-mosquito contact to check transmission of malaria. 4 to 5 months effectiveness was observed.




Application of RS and GIS in malaria control

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Geo referencing and image processing of three study areas was done on LISS-III and panchromatic on the basis of toposheets and segment maps were prepared and analyzed.
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Possible environmental factors responsible for multiplication of malaria vectors were identified.
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Identified four malaria endemic areas on Assam-Arunachal Pradesh border through IRS in collaboration with NERIWALM, Tezpur.

Reduction of asymptomatic carriers

Malaria survey was carried out for detection and treatment of asymptomatic carriers of malaria parasites in villages to reduce the parasitic load in the community.



Control of focal outbreak of malaria

Malaria has been controlled in Karbi Village, Naharani, Hograjuli, Ramoni, Kekurijan, Balijan banua, Bhalukpong, gamani, Satai and Nigam village of Assam bordering Arunachal Pradesh and Khekiho village in Nagaland.

Malaria awareness camp

Organized malaria awareness camps in areas located around Army cantonment in Sonitpur district (Assam), Nagaland and Arunachal Pradesh. Encouraged indigenous cultural practices to keep away mosquitoes.