when did the different countries come into existence?and how?

Answer 1

That takes an entire textbook or two to answer. You might get a timeline online somewhere, but countries were born and died off and born again so much...its just too much to answer in a short question session. Sorry.
The Skeptical Christian
Grace and Peace
Peg

Answer 2

After the Flood, Noah's sons, Shem, Ham and Japheth and their wives, reproduced and started to spread out from the area of Turkey. In fact, when one studies even secular history, one would find that all languages and animal husbandry seem to originate from that spot. At first, they conglomerated in the area known as Iraq today, and the people tried to build a tower that would reach the sky so that a Flood would never again overcome them (they didn't believe God's rainbow promise that He would never Flood the Earth again). All the people at the time spoke the same language. God saw what was happening, and knew that if everyone on Earth spoke the same language, and being evil, there would be no end to the evil things they could do. So He confounded their language, and everyone started speaking differently. This language barrier interrupted the construction of the Tower, so they stopped, and decided to head out on their own. Everyone radiated out from the Tower of Babel to all parts of the world. In this time immediately following the Flood was the Ice Age, so the sea level had dropped dramatically, creating land bridges all over the world. People could walk to anywhere in the world from anywhere. When the Ice Age ended, the water level rose and cut these people off from others. This created gene pools that caused differences in skin color and appearance, as well as more language separations.
Daniel's dream gives a really good look at world history from the time of Babylon to the present day. Ancient Babylon was considered the greatest kingdom that ever existed. It was predicted that after Nebuchadnezzar, another kingdom would arise - the Medo-Persian empire, which would be inferior to Babylon. After Medo-Persia would arise Greece, then Rome, and then the Roman Empire would be broken up into 10 nations - the Heruli, Burgundians, Allemani, Franks, Anglo-Saxons, Suevi, Visigoths, etc. These tribes would become the modern nations of Europe. The rest is in your history books.

Answer 3

All present countries on the planet have always existed since the creation. They were all created at once, with borders rigidly defined as they still are today, and have never never changed. Just ask a German or a resident of Israel.

Geography is obviously a myth. Damn those geography heathens!

Answer 4

Depends on what you mean by countries. There have been tribes of human beings since the beginning (tribes of chimps even). For a long time after that people lived in cities and they were the center of political life.
The current international system has its roots in the treaty of Westphalia.
http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Treaty_of_westphalia

Answer 5

If you mean nations as geographic areas with treaty-defined borders, arguably not until about the 16th Century or so. There were lands and kingdoms before that, but the borders were very flexible and depended mostly on the relative miltary strength of the rulers.

The first political units were tribes, bonded mainly by family relationships. Sometimes they would get big enough and territorial enough to amount to an empire, but these were vulnerable to breaking up when the main patriarch died without a clear successor.

The first stable political entities were probably the "city-states" of Athens, Sparta and the like, formed for the purposes of defense and social order, but the power was obviously concentrated downtown and faded out with distance. The empire of Alexander was an abberation in that he was always on the move and did not maintain a geographical base of government. He died and his empire broke up, as usual. Rome lasted because it mastered the trick of compartmentalizing and delegating remote units of government by dividing its conquests into provinces, with oversight from Rome. But prolonged military overextension, combined with declining social services and infrastructure maintenance and resource pressure from the immigration of Asian "barbarians", caused it to collapse.

During the next millenium, feudalism arose. Essentially the big property-owners worked out a caste system with the king at the top and peasants at the bottom. Each lord was supported by his underlings in exchange for protecting them from invasion by other kings and lords. It required a lot of faith for the system to remain stable and lands changed hands often.

With the Enlightenment, the concepts of human equality and rights arose and the practice of kings warring and swapping territory and peasants on a whim began slowly to lose favor. The burgeoning merchant class needed political stability to operate their businesses and had the monetary clout to enforce the idea. As European governments gradually shifted toward a democratic model, countries began to settle into relatively firm borders. There were still some wars of dispute but they were between governments, not just autocrats, and notions of justice and human rights predominated over the simple acquisition of land.

There were still empires. The age of colonization followed closely on the age of exploration and didn't end until the mid-20th Century. The countries of America, Africa, the Middle East and Indo-China were carved out as administrative territories to be given a limited autonomy with a government styled after the one back home. Some of the borders made sense, many did not, as tribes with nothing in common found themselves lumped together for the convenience of the colonizer. (Often their eventual independence was immediately followed by civil war as old animosities re-emerged.)

The global consciousness that slowly developed in the 20th Century has had a stabilizing effect on national borders. The League of Nations and its successor, the United Nations were not possible before then. Even now, some important countries don't take them seriously but they do have a measurable effect as the world's conscience, and they even occasionally help end, mitigate or prevent wars. Hopefully they will be allowed to get better at the task.

The common elements in the formation of a "national" government, whatever its form, seems to be a desire to protect against an outside threat (real or contrived), and sometimes to organize the increasing complexity of a society. The Greek city-states warred against each other, as did the medieval kingdoms. The Nazi empire based itself on the delusion that pure-blooded "Aryans" were saving their country from outside pollution. Perhaps a serious "world government" will arise, for better or worse, upon a perceived threat from extraterrestrial aliens. People will homogenize for a good reason, but we can't afford to ignore our diversities indefinitely.

Answer 6

Tower of Babel. No just kidding, as humans evolved they got separated by various land masses and geological boundaries and started their own cultures/languages/religions.

Answer 7

What countries? you will have to be more specific.

Answer 8

hundreds and thoughsands of years ago when people gathered together to live in one area........

Answer 9

Um.....we could be here for hours unless you specify......