Which organs and organ systems are affected by diabetes?

Answer 1

chronic complications of diabetes.......these are concerned with organs
These diabetes complications are related to blood vessel diseases and are generally classified into small vessel disease, such as those involving the eyes, kidneys and nerves (microvascular disease), and large vessel disease involving the heart and blood vessels (macrovascular disease). Diabetes accelerates hardening of the arteries (atherosclerosis) of the larger blood vessels, leading to coronary heart disease (angina or heart attack), strokes, and pain in the lower extremities because of lack of blood supply (claudication). For more information, please read the following articles: Stroke, Angina, and Heart Attack.

Eye Complications

The major eye complication of diabetes is called diabetic retinopathy. Diabetic retinopathy occurs in patients who have had diabetes for at least five years. Diseased small blood vessels in the back of the eye cause the leakage of protein and blood in the retina. Disease in these blood vessels also causes the formation of small aneurysms (microaneurysms), and new but brittle blood vessels (neovascularization). Spontaneous bleeding from the new and brittle blood vessels can lead to retinal scarring and retinal detachment, thus impairing vision.

To treat diabetic retinopathy a laser is used to destroy and prevent the recurrence of the development of these small aneurysms and brittle blood vessels. Approximately 50% of patients with diabetes will develop some degree of diabetic retinopathy after 10 years of diabetes, and 80% of diabetics have retinopathy after 15 years of the disease. Poor control of blood sugar and blood pressure further aggravates eye disease in diabetes. For more, please read the Diabetic Eye Disease article.

Cataracts and glaucoma are also more common among diabetics. It is also important to note that since the lens of the eye lets water through, if blood sugar concentrations vary a lot, the lens of the eye will shrink and swell with fluid accordingly. As a result, blurry vision is very common in poorly controlled diabetes. Patients are usually discouraged from getting a new eyeglass prescription until their blood sugar is controlled. This allows for a more accurate assessment of what kind of glasses prescription is required.

Kidney damage

Kidney damage from diabetes is called diabetic nephropathy. The onset of kidney disease and its progression is extremely variable. Initially, diseased small blood vessels in the kidneys cause the leakage of protein in the urine. Later on, the kidneys lose their ability to cleanse and filter blood. The accumulation of toxic waste products in the blood leads to the need for dialysis. Dialysis involves using a machine that serves the function of the kidney by filtering and cleaning the blood. In patients who do not want to undergo chronic dialysis, kidney transplantation can be considered. For more about dialysis, please read the Kidney Dialysis article.

The progression of nephropathy in patients can be significantly slowed by controlling high blood pressure, and by aggressively treating high blood sugar levels. Angiotensin converting enzyme inhibitors (ACE inhibitors) or angiotensin receptor blockers (ARBs) used in treating high blood pressure may also benefit kidney disease in diabetic patients.

Nerve damage

Nerve damage in diabetes is called diabetic neuropathy and is also caused by disease of small blood vessels. In essence, the blood flow to the nerves is limited, leaving the nerves without blood flow, and they get damaged or die as a result (a term known as ischemia). Symptoms of diabetic nerve damage include numbness, burning, and aching of the feet and lower extremities. When the nerve disease causes a complete loss of sensation in the feet, patients may not be aware of injuries to the feet, and fail to properly protect them. Shoes or other protection should be worn as much as possible. Seemingly minor skin injuries should be attended to promptly to avoid serious infections. Because of poor blood circulation, diabetic foot injuries may not heal. Sometimes, minor foot injuries can lead to serious infection, ulcers, and even gangrene, necessitating surgical amputation of toes, feet, and other infected parts.

Diabetic nerve damage can affect the nerves that are important for penile erection, causing erectile dysfunction (ED, impotence). Erectile dysfunction can also be caused by poor blood flow to the penis from diabetic blood vessel disease.

Diabetic neuropathy can also affect nerves to the stomach and intestines, causing nausea, weight loss, diarrhea, and other symptoms of gastroparesis (delayed emptying of food contents from the stomach into the intestines, due to ineffective contraction of the stomach muscles).

The pain of diabetic nerve damage may respond to traditional treatments with gabapentin (Neurontin), phenytoin (Dilantin), carbamazepine (Tegretol), desipramine (Norpraminine), amitriptyline (Elavil), or with topically-applied capsaicin (an extract of pepper). Neurontin, Dilantin and Tegretol are medications that are traditionally used in the treatment of seizure disorders. Elavil and Norpraminine are medications that are traditionally used for depression. While many of these medications are not FDA indicated specifically for the treatment of diabetes related nerve pain, they are used by physicians commonly. The pain of diabetic nerve damage may also improve with better blood sugar control, though unfortunately blood glucose control and the course of neuropathy do not always go hand in hand. Newer medications for nerve pain have recently come to market in the US. Pregabalin (Lyrica) which has an indication for diabetic neuropathic pain and duloxetine (Cymbalta) are newer agents used in the treatment of diabetic neuropathy. For more, please read the Diabetic Neuropathy article.

Answer 2

What Organ Does Diabetes Affect

Answer 3

1

Answer 4

2

Answer 5

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Answer 6

Unfortunately, I know this one from personal experience. Try to get a handle on this as early as possible. Eventually, it seems to affect every organ if it isn't effectively treated by getting medical help (an endycronoloist) and by following instructions re. diet and other lifestyle changes as well as taking medications (by mouth and/or injection) as directed. So far, I've experienced problems with the heart, kidneys, lungs (congestive heart failure through advanced kidney disease), nerves (neuropathy — the soles of my feet cannot fully sense things), kidneys, and eyes. Need I say more. Try, despite this, to keep up your spirits, but do everything you can to get the upper hand on things or to avoid this chronic disease. The good news is that if you have a child that has been diagnosed with childhood diabetes, the medical techniques used (particularly insulin injections and lifestyle disciplines) are highly effective and the research in search of a cure, rather than amelioration or control, is advancing by leaps and bounds. But you have to do exactly what the doctor tells you and no fooling around, cheating, or dodging the short-term pain of the injections and frequent testing of the blood sugar levels.

Answer 7

All body systems and organs can be damaged by consistent high levels of glucose. ...But everyones health is different and unique,especially when it comes to diabetes so not everyone is going to experience the same problems. Just as not everyone experiences the same symptoms or for that matter any symptoms.
The most susceptible organs and systems effected by diabetes are the eyes, the kidneys, the nerves, the cardiovascular system. The only system I recall not being effected by diabetes is the respiratory system but I can't be 100% on that.

As I said it effects everyone differently and there is no one rule that applies to everyone.

Answer 8

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Answer 9

KIdneys
Pancreas
Eyes
Nerves
Heart
Liver

Answer 10

It is very rare for someone to be born with diabetes. Type 1 is when the pancreas doesn't produce the hormone insulin. Type 2 is when the pancreas does still produce insulin, just not enough to cover the carbs someone eats. I've been a type 1 for 30+ years. I got it when I was a year old. I've had a few health problems but nothing long term.

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Answer 11

Pancreas. Ultimately all organs are affected if a person is diabetic. What affects one organ has an ongoing effect on all others.