what is a klebseilla pneumoniae?..what is it symptoms and treatment ...?

Answer 1

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a Gram-negative, nonmotile, encapsulated, lactose-fermenting, facultatively anaerobic, rod-shaped bacterium found in the normal flora of the mouth, skin, and intestines. It is clinically the most important member of the Klebsiella genus of Enterobacteriaceae; it is closely related to K. oxytoca from which it is distinguished by being indole-negative and by its ability to grow on both melezitose and 3-hydroxybutyrate. It naturally occurs in the soil and about 30% of strains can fix nitrogen in anaerobic condition.[1] As a free-living diazotroph, its nitrogen fixation system has been much studied.

Contents [hide]
1 Pathogenesis
2 Treatment
3 History
4 References
5 External links



[edit] Pathogenesis
K. pneumoniae can cause bacterial pneumonia, typically due to aspiration by alcoholics, though it is more commonly implicated in hospital-acquired urinary tract and wound infections, particularly in immunocompromised individuals. Klebsiella ranks second to E. coli for urinary tract infections in older persons. It is also an opportunistic pathogen for patients with chronic pulmonary disease, enteric pathogenicity, nasal mucosa atrophy, and rhinoscleroma. Feces are the most significant source of patient infection, followed by contact with contaminated instruments. K. pneumoniae is an increasingly a nosocomial infection as antibiotic resistant strains continue to appear.

Members of the Klebsiella genus typically express 2 types of antigens on their cell surface. The first, O antigen, is a lipopolysaccharide of which 77 varieties exist. The second is K agent, a capsular polysaccharide with 9 varieties. Both contribute to pathogenicity and form the basis for subtyping.


[edit] Treatment
Klebsiella possesses a chromosomal class A beta-lactamase giving it inherent resistance to ampicillin. Many strains have acquired an extended-spectrum beta-lactamase with additional resistance to carbenicillin, ampicillin, quinolones, and increasingly to ceftazidime. The bacteria remain largely susceptible to aminoglycosides and cephalosporins. Varying degrees of inhibition of the beta-lactamase with clavulanic acid have been reported.


[edit] History
The Danish scientist Hans Christian Gram (1853–1938), developed the technique now known as Gram staining in 1884 to discriminate between K. pneumoniae and Streptococcus pneumoniae.

Klebsiella was named after the German bacteriologist Edwin Klebs (1834–1913).

Community-acquired pneumonia caused by Klebsiella pneumoniae may be called Friedländer's Pneumonia, after Carl Friedländer.

Answer 2

I know something's wrong when I feel mentally exhausted all the time. When the Word becomes just words on paper and nothing speaks to me. When I don't look forward to going to Sunday services or Friday prayer. When praise music or spirituals just make me feel like, "What do you know about it?" Yes, I know that sometimes physical problems can cause the same symptoms, but in my experience it helps to look at my spiritual life and the situation in my faith community. On two occasions it has led me to change communities, but in neither case was it a snap decision; I waited (once for about a year, the second time for almost 2 years) and prayed about it, and talked to mature Christian friends, before finally moving on. In each case, the drought was not caused by "my sin" but by the situation in general, and I found a good place to be. After the first change, I stayed in the new place for 8 years, and in the second place for 12. I would have stayed there forever but the congregation no longer exists, so even though I moved on before it came apart, it would have been necessary eventually. I'm very happy where I am now and hope to spend the rest of my life in this community.

Answer 3

Klebsiella pneumoniae is a kind of bacteria causing pneumonia, urinary infection, neonatal sepsis and other infections. It usually affects very young, very old or debilitated persons. It is a Gram negative organism, responding to antibiotics such as gentamycin, amikacin, cefotaxime, etc.