What are the treatments for Typhoid?

Question

I want to know about medicines, vaccines etc.

Answer 1

Typhoid Fever
What is typhoid fever?
Typhoid fever is a life-threatening bacterial infection caused by the bacterium Salmonella Typhi (S. Typhi). Typhoid fever is common in developing countries, where it affects about 16 million persons each year. About 2.6 per one million US citizens and residents who traveled abroad became infected between 1992 and 1994.
How is typhoid fever spread?
S. Typhi live only in humans, and are carried in the bloodstream and intestinal tracts of people who have typhoid fever. A small number of persons recover from typhoid fever but continue to carry the bacteria.
Both the carriers and the people who have active typhoid fever shed S. Typhi in their stools. Typhoid fever is spread by consuming food or beverages that have been handled by a person who is shedding S. Typhi, or if sewage contaminated with S. Typhi bacteria gets into water used for drinking or washing food.

What are the symptoms of typhoid fever?
When S. Typhi bacteria are consumed, they multiply and spread into the bloodstream. The body reacts with signs and symptoms such as:
a sustained fever as high as 103°F to 104° F (39 to 40 C)
weakness
stomach pains
headache
loss of appetite
sometimes a rash of flat, rose-colored spots
The symptoms of typhoid fever may resemble other medical conditions or problems. Always consult your physician for a diagnosis.

How is typhoid fever diagnosed?
Typhoid fever can be diagnosed using a blood test or stool sample to determine the presence of S. Typhi bacteria.
How can typhoid fever be prevented?
A vaccination for typhoid fever is available. However, it can lose effectiveness after several years, so a booster vaccination may be necessary.
Other preventives for typhoid fever are:

only use water that has been boiled or chemically disinfected for:

drinking, or preparing beverages such as tea or coffee


brushing teeth


washing face and hands


washing fruits and vegetables


washing eating utensils and food preparation equipment


washing the surfaces of tins, cans, and bottles that contain food or beverages


do not eat food or drink beverages from unknown sources


any raw food could be contaminated, including:


fruits, vegetables, salad greens

unpasteurized milk and milk products

raw meat

shellfish

any fish caught in tropical reefs rather than the open ocean
Taking antibiotics is not a preventive for typhoid fever.

Treatment for typhoid fever:
See your physician immediately if you think you have been exposed to typhoid fever. People who do not get treatment may continue to have fever for weeks or months, and may eventually die from complications. Treatment will probably include an antibiotic to treat the disease. Specific treatment for typhoid fever will be determined by your physician based on:
your age, overall health, and medical history
extent of the disease
your tolerance for specific medications, procedures, or therapies
expectations for the course of the disease
your opinion or preference
It is important to remember that the danger of typhoid fever does not end when symptoms disappear. You could still be carrying S. Typhi and the illness could return, or you could pass the disease to other people. People who have typhoid fever should:

take any prescribed antibiotics.
wash your hands after using the bathroom.
have a series of stool cultures - to ensure that the S. Typhi bacteria are no longer present.
Typhoid fever and the traveler:
Typhoid fever is very common in the developing countries and travelers to Asia (except Japan), Africa, and Latin America are especially at risk. The Centers for Disease Control (CDC) recommends, when traveling to an area where typhoid fever is common, vaccinations should be considered one week prior to traveling.

Answer 2

Hi
Kartika,
The Medication of typhoid is as under:
A number of antibiotics are available to treat typhoid. Chloramphenicol was an effective drug of the past but is rarely used now due to antibiotic resistance.

The newer antibiotics (ciprofloxacin and ofloxacin) are the mainstay of treatment. Recently, resistance of the bacteria to these medicines has been observed in a few cases. In addition to antibacterial drugs, supportive treatment like a soft diet and antipyretics to keep the fever down are needed.

The Vaccines for Typhoid as under:

Vaccines are available for protection against typhoid. The older TAB vaccine is no longer used. Newer oral and injectable vaccines are widely available and provide immunity for approximately two years. The immunity due to the vaccines needs to be boosted every two years by repeat doses.



Feel Free To Contact,
Enjoy Life

Dr.Mojo

Answer 3

Typhoid fever is a systemic disease caused by Salmonella typhi. Symptoms are high fever, prostration, abdominal pain, and a rose-colored rash. Diagnosis is clinical and confirmed by culture. Treatment is with ceftriaxone or ciprofloxacin.
There are increasing rates of antibiotic resistance throughout the world, so the choice of antibiotics should be a careful one.
Vaccines for typhoid fever are available and are advised for persons traveling in regions where the disease is common (especially Asia, Africa and Latin America). Typhim Vi is an intramuscular killed-bacteria vaccination and Vivotif is an oral live bacteria vaccination, both of which protect against typhoid fever. Neither vaccine is 100% effective against typhoid fever and neither protects against unrelated typhus.
Please see the web pages for more details on Typhoid fever.

Answer 4

Treatment

Antibiotic therapy is the only effective treatment for typhoid and paratyphoid fevers. In the past, the drug of choice was chloramphenicol. Doctors no longer commonly use it, however, because of severe side effects, a high relapse rate and widespread bacterial resistance. In fact, the existence of antibiotic-resistant bacteria is a serious and growing problem in the treatment of typhoid, especially in the developing world.

When bacteria prove resistant to standard antibiotics, illnesses last longer, and the risks of complications and death increase. What's more, failure to treat an infection properly leads to longer periods in which a person is contagious and able to spread the resistant strain to others. And because bacteria mutate much more quickly than researchers can develop new antibiotics, the possibility exists that one day highly lethal strains of resistant bacteria will evolve and doctors will have no effective way to treat them.

In recent years, S. typhi has proved resistant to trimethoprim-sulfamethoxazole, ampicillin and tetracycline, in addition to chloramphenicol. In some parts of the world, such as Vietnam and Tajikistan, resistance has begun to extend even to new antibiotics such as ciprofloxacin (Cipro).

In the United States, most doctors now prescribe ciprofloxacin for adults other than pregnant women. Women who are pregnant and children most often receive ceftriaxone (Rocephin) injections. Still, all of these drugs can cause side effects and long-term use can lead to the development of antibiotic-resistant strains of bacteria.

Other treatment steps aimed at managing symptoms include:

Drinking fluids. This helps prevent the dehydration that results from a prolonged fever and diarrhea. If you're severely dehydrated, you may need to receive fluids through a vein in your arm (intravenously).
Eating a healthy diet. Nonbulky, high-calorie meals can help replace the nutrients you lose when you're sick.

Answer 5

For antibiotics, see my answer on typhoid in kids. Vaccines-- Old killed vaccine-- Less effective. Newer vaccines-- Oral, a course of 4 capsules, one on alternate days. Injectable-- Single dose. These 2 are effective for about 3 years.

Answer 6

Typhoid is generally treated with antibiotics such as penicillin or Cipro. There are vaccines available for typhoid if you are planning to travel to an area where there is an increased risk of exposure.

Answer 7

don't worry ,consult a doctor he will do the treatments