How do you get diabetes?

Answer 1

What are the different types of diabetes?

There are two major types of diabetes, called type 1 and type 2. Type 1 diabetes was also called insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (IDDM), or juvenile onset diabetes mellitus. In type 1 diabetes, the pancreas undergoes an autoimmune attack by the body itself, and is rendered incapable of making insulin. Abnormal antibodies have been found in the majority of patients with type 1 diabetes. Antibodies are proteins in the blood that are part of the body's immune system. The patient with type 1 diabetes must rely on insulin medication for survival.

In autoimmune diseases, such as type 1 diabetes, the immune system mistakenly manufactures antibodies and inflammatory cells that are directed against and cause damage to patients' own body tissues. In persons with type 1 diabetes, the beta cells of the pancreas, which are responsible for insulin production, are attacked by the misdirected immune system. It is believed that the tendency to develop abnormal antibodies in type 1 diabetes is, in part, genetically inherited, though the details are not fully understood. Exposure to certain viral infections (mumps and Coxsackie viruses) or other environmental toxins may serve to trigger abnormal antibody responses that cause damage to the pancreas cells where insulin is made. These antibodies can be measured in the majority of patients, and may help determine which individuals are at risk for developing type 1 diabetes.

At present, the American Diabetes Association does not recommend general screening of the population for type 1 diabetes, though screening of high risk individuals, such as those with a first degree relative (sibling or parent) with type 1 diabetes should be encouraged. Type 1 diabetes tends to occur in young, lean individuals, usually before 30 years of age, however, older patients do present with this form of diabetes on occasion. This subgroup is referred to as latent autoimmune diabetes in adults (LADA). LADA is a slow, progressive form of type 1 diabetes. Of all the patients with diabetes, only approximately 10% of the patients have type 1 diabetes and the remaining 90% have type 2 diabetes.

Type 2 diabetes was also referred to as non-insulin dependent diabetes mellitus (NIDDM), or adult onset diabetes mellitus (AODM). In type 2 diabetes, patients can still produce insulin, but do so relatively inadequately for their body’s needs, particularly in the face of insulin resistance as discussed above. In many cases this actually means the pancreas produces larger than normal quantities of insulin. A major feature of type 2 diabetes is a lack of sensitivity to insulin by the cells of the body (particularly fat and muscle cells). In addition to the problems with an increase in insulin resistance, the release of insulin by the pancreas may also be defective and suboptimal. In fact, there is a known steady decline in beta cell production of insulin in type 2 diabetes that contributes to worsening glucose control. (This is a major factor for many patients with type 2 diabetes who ultimately require insulin therapy.) Finally, the liver in these patients continues to produce glucose through a process called gluconeogenesis despite elevated glucose levels. The control of gluconeogenesis becomes compromised.

While it is said that type 2 diabetes occurs mostly in individuals over 30 years old and the incidence increases with age, we are seeing an alarming number patients with type 2 diabetes who are barely in their teen years. In fact, for the first time in the history of humans, type 2 diabetes is now more common than type 1 diabetes in childhood. Most of these cases are a direct result of poor eating habits, higher body weight, and lack of exercise.

While there is a strong genetic component to developing this form of diabetes, there are other risk factors - the most significant of which is obesity. There is a direct relationship between the degree of obesity and the risk of developing type 2 diabetes, and this holds true in children as well as adults. It is estimated that the chance to develop diabetes doubles for every 20% increase over desirable body weight.

Answer 2

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Answer 3

2

Answer 4

Type 1, as mentioned, is an autoimmune disease. It occurs when the body's own immune system destroys the beta (insulin producing) cells in the pancreas. It can not be prevented and has NOTHING to do with sugar, diet, or weight. It is believed that there is a polygenic genetic component and an unknown environmental trigger such as a virus. You need to have the genes for autoimmune Type 1 to develop it, although most people with the genes never get it. More than 90% of people with Type 1 do not have it in their family, BUT their family may have other autoimmune diseases, such as Lupus, Rheumatoid Arthritis, autoimmune thyroid disease, Celiac Disease, and MS.

Type 2 diabetes is insulin resistance, and it occurs MAINLY due to poor diet, lack of exercise, and being overweight. There is a genetic disposition involved, BUT usually it can still be prevented if one makes healthy choices.

There are forms of Type 2 such as MODY (rare) in which a specific genetic defect is responsible for the diabetes.

There is also a rare form of neonatal (infant) diabetes, caused by the KIRK 6 mutation. These babies are often misdiagnosed as Type 1, and they are always Dx before the age of 6 months. They can use oral meds instead of insulin. This form of diabetes is VERY rare (less than 1 out of 1000 "juvenile" diabetics) and only recently discovered.

Answer 5

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Answer 6

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Answer 7

One possible cause is that people with diabetes may be missing a certain gene that protects against diabetes. We do know that certain risk factors increase yoiur chance of becoming diabetic. Those risk factors include being overweight, high blood pressure or coronary artery disease & a family history of diabetes. In rare cases, trauma or injury to the pancreas (which is the organ that produces insulin), can cause the pancreas to not function properly and produce too little insulin.

Answer 8

You get diabetes mainly two ways. You inherited and obesity.
There are two types of diabetes.
Type 1:
Juvenile Diabetes aka Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus (IDDM)
Injection of Insulin depresses glucose levels. The pancreas are little or not in function to produce insulin.

Type 2:
Adult Diabetes aka Non-Insulin Dependent Diabetes Mellitus
(NIDDM)
Usually Type 2 occurs to overweight people. Pancreas withhold production of insulin. Insulin can't help Type 2, exercise and watching their food intake.

Answer 9

As stated in an answer before it's not like a cold...U dont just catch it. A lot of times its hereditary. You are only a Diabetic if your sugar is to high. Your panceras doesnt provide the insulin you need to break down the sugar. If it's to low then you are considered Hypoglycemic. You need sometime to drink or eat to bring you level back up. It can be fatal so make sure if you believe that you are having problems to speak with your Doctor... It's not a FAT disease either as stated below....

Answer 10

Diabetes is caused when certain cells of pancreas fails to secrete Insulin the important hormone for metabolism .
this is either an inborn abnormality,that leads to affection with diabetes in childhood,or predisposes to affection later in life..
other type called secondary,resulting from other ailment ,that indirectly damages the pancreas ,renal disease,cancers,blood heamolysis(bronze diabetes) ,and many more ..
the subject looks very complicated ..but you have to know that
WHEN A FAMILY MEMBER OF YOU IS DIABETIC YOU ARE AT RISK OF DIABETES ..SO STOP OVER EATING SWEATS AND SUGARS..AND STAY SLIM FOR LIFE..

Answer 11

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