does any1 know bout yellow fever?????

Question

I have a science project due Monday and I cant find any useful info. on yellow fever.Can any1 tell me a good website or a 100 word essa on it or chickenpolks or even a cold that would be useful???

Answer 1

Yellow fever (also called yellow jack, black vomit or vomito ***** in Spanish, or sometimes American Plague) is an acute viral disease. It is an important cause of hemorrhagic illness in many African and South American countries despite existence of an effective vaccine. The yellow in the disease name refers to the jaundice that affects some patients

Yellow fever has been a source of several devastating epidemics. During one of Napoleon's campaigns to Haiti in 1802, the troops were attacked by yellow fever. More than half of the army perished due to the disease. Outbreaks followed by thousands of fatalities occurred periodically in other Western Hemisphere locations until research which included human volunteers (some of whom died) led to an understanding of the method of transmission to humans (primarily by mosquitos) and development of a vaccine and other preventative efforts in the early 20th century.

Despite the costly and sacrificial breakthrough research by Cuban physician Carlos Finlay, American physician Walter Reed and many others, over 100 years later, unvaccinated populations in many developing nations in Africa and Central and South America continue to be at risk. As of 2001, the World Health Organization (WHO) estimates that yellow fever causes 200,000 illnesses and 30,000 deaths every year in unvaccinated populations.


Cause
Yellow fever is caused by an arbovirus of the family Flaviviridae, and is one of the smallest RNA viruses isolated. Human infection is begun after deposition of viral particles through the skin in infected arthropod saliva. Mosquitos are the primary vector in transmission of the disease from forest monkeys to humans and in person-to-person transmission. The mosquitos involved are Aedes simpsoni, A. africanus, and A. aegypti in Africa, and the Haemagogus and Sabethes genera in South America

Symptoms
After a 3 to 6 day incubation period, the typical symptoms that arise are fever, muscle aches, headache, and backache. Other symptoms may include a red tongue, flushed face, and reddening of the eyes. In a portion of cases there is also involvement of internal organs including the liver, kidneys, and heart. There may be hemorrhage from the gastrointestinal tract, causing a bloody vomit with a black colour called coffee ground vomiting (which explains the name "black vomit"). Later, the disease is sometimes complicated by jaundice with liver failure (which causes yellow skin colour, hence the name "yellow fever") and/or kidney insufficiency with proteinuria. If the disease progresses, delirium, seizures and coma ensue. Hypotension and dehydration are also common.

Pathogenesis
Yellow fever infections are frequently severe, but more moderate cases may occur as the result of previous infection by another flavivirus. After infection, the virus first replicates locally, followed by transportation to the rest of the body via the lymphatic system. Following systemic lymphatic infection, the virus proceeds to establish itself throughout organ systems, including the heart, kidneys, adrenal glands, and the parenchyma of the liver; high viral loads are also present in the blood. Necrotic masses (Councilman bodies) appear in the cytoplasm of hepatocytes.

There is a difference between disease outbreaks in rural or forest areas and in towns. Disease outbreaks in towns and non-native people are usually more serious.

Prevention
A vaccine for yellow fever was developed which gives a 10-year or more immunity from the disease and effectively protects people traveling to the affected areas whilst being a means to control the disease at the same time. Woodcutters working in jungle areas should be particularly targeted for vaccination. Insecticides, protective clothing and screening of houses are helpful but not always enough. In affected areas mosquito control methods have proved effective in decreasing the number of cases.

Recent studies have noted the increase in areas affected by mosquito-borne viral infections and have called for further research and funding for vaccines

Treatment
There is no real specific cure for yellow fever; therefore vaccination is important. Treatment is symptomatic and supportive only. Fluid replacement, fighting hypotension and transfusion of blood derivates is mostly needed in severe cases. In severe cases resulting in acute renal failure, dialysis may be necessary. A fever victim needs to get lots of rest, fresh air, and drink plenty of fluids.

Answer 2

Yellow fever is a tropical disease that is spread to humans by infected mosquitoes.
Many yellow fever infections are mild, but the disease can cause severe, life-threatening illness.
Yellow fever is found only in Africa and South America.
Yellow fever is preventable by immunization. Travelers to countries with yellow fever should get the yellow fever vaccine.

Answer 3

Yellow gold....the time-honored of quite some the white gold alloys right this moment is crap (off coloration yellowish or brownish) that's why it must be plated with rhodium....except you're figuring out to purchase a classic property piece whilst white gold replaced into of extraordinary high quality and not plated as a results of fact the colour replaced right into a perfect silvery-gray like platinum and the jewellery keep chains did no longer could cover the inferior coloration...additionally, it quite is a bunk tale whilst rings keep clerks inform you white gold is yellow gold 'dipped'...or that it discolors or turns hues with positioned on-it does not. If it turns hues, it ain't gold or it quite is the rhodium plating wearing off and the off coloration crap-gold is displaying below....

Answer 4

umm, all I know about it is that you catch it from ticks and your most vulnerable to catch it when the tick has been latched on to your spinal cord area for over 12 hours, oh and by the way the person above has some invalid info, it is not only a tropical diseis and is not only found in South America and Africa, like I said tick+spinal coard=Possibility of catching yellow fever.

Answer 5

Have you heard of google.com???

http://www.google.com/search?q=yellow+fever&start=0&ie=utf-8&oe=utf-8&client=firefox-a&rls=org.mozilla:en-US:official

Answer 6

You should try working on your spelling first. It would be more useful

Answer 7

Use the following as a basis for the essay.

What is yellow fever?

Yellow fever is a tropical disease that is spread to humans by infected mosquitoes.



What is the infectious agent that causes yellow fever?

Yellow fever is caused by the yellow fever virus.



Where is yellow fever found?

Yellow fever is found only in parts of South America and Africa. There are two kinds of yellow fever, spread by two different cycles of infection.

Jungle yellow fever is mainly a disease of monkeys. It is spread from infected mosquitoes to monkeys in the tropical rain forest. People get jungle yellow fever when they put themselves in the middle of this natural cycle and are bitten by mosquitoes that have been infected by monkeys. Jungle yellow fever is rare and occurs mainly in persons who work in tropical rain forests.

Urban yellow fever is a disease of humans. It is spread by mosquitoes that have been infected by other people. Aedes aegypti is the type of mosquito that usually carries yellow fever from human to human. These mosquitoes have adapted to living among humans in cities, towns, and villages. They breed in discarded tires, flower pots, oil drums, and water storage containers close to human dwellings. Urban yellow fever is the cause of most yellow fever outbreaks and epidemics.



How do people get yellow fever?

People get yellow fever from the bite of an infected female mosquito. The mosquito injects the yellow fever virus into the bite.



What are the signs and symptoms of yellow fever?

Many yellow fever infections are mild, but the disease can cause severe, life-threatening illness. Symptoms of severe infection are high fever, chills, headache, muscle aches, vomiting, and backache. After a brief recovery period, the infection can lead to shock, bleeding, and kidney and liver failure. Liver failure causes jaundice (yellowing of the skin and the whites of the eyes), which gives yellow fever its name.



How soon after exposure do symptoms appear?

Symptoms start 3 to 6 days after being bitten by an infected mosquito.



How is yellow fever diagnosed?

Yellow fever is diagnosed by a blood test.



Who is at risk for yellow fever?

People are at risk if they travel to an area where there is yellow fever in humans or monkeys and there are mosquitoes to spread the virus.



What complications can result from yellow fever?

Severe yellow fever infections can be fatal.



What is the treatment for yellow fever?

There is no specific treatment for yellow fever. Persons with yellow fever should rest and drink plenty of fluids. They should be kept away from mosquitoes for the protection of others. Most people get better after a long recovery period.



How common is yellow fever?

Yellow fever is common in West and Central Africa and in parts of South America. Periodic epidemics in Africa lead to hundreds of thousands of cases. Yellow fever is a very rare cause of illness in U.S. travelers.



Is yellow fever an emerging or re-emerging infectious disease?

Yes. There has been a dramatic re-emergence of yellow fever in Africa and South America since the 1980s.



How can yellow fever be prevented?

Yellow fever can be prevented by vaccination. Travelers should also take precautions against mosquito bites when in areas with yellow fever transmission.

If necessary, get vaccinated for yellow fever before travel.

Travelers should get vaccinated for yellow fever before visiting areas where yellow fever is found. In the United States, the vaccine is given only at designated yellow fever vaccination centers.
International regulations require proof of yellow fever vaccination for travel to and from certain countries. People who get vaccinated should be given an International Certificate of Vaccination.
Avoid mosquito bites when traveling in tropical areas.

Mosquitoes that spread yellow fever usually bite during the day. Travelers should take steps to reduce contact with mosquitoes when outdoors and inside.

When outside:

Wear long-sleeved clothing and long pants. For extra protection, treat clothing with the insecticide permethrin.
Use insect repellent on exposed skin. The most effective repellents contain 20% to 35% DEET (N,N-diethylmethyltoluamide). Follow application instructions carefully when using these products.
When inside:

Stay in well-screened areas as much as possible.

Spray living and sleeping areas with insecticide.
Use a bednet when sleeping in a room that is not screened or air conditioned. For extra protection, treat the bednet with the insecticide permethrin.