"Nitrofurantoin, Ciprofloxacin, Bacitracin, Erythromycin, Vancomycin (spectrum of bacteria and side effects)

Answer 1

i do not know what for you are asking details for all these medicines. If it is educational purposes it is fine. Di bit try to take any othese medications without the advise of a qualified doctor.

1) Nitrofurantoin is an antibiotic. It is usually used in treating urinary tract infection Side effects -
Nitrofurantoin can cause nausea and vomiting, fever, rash, hypersensitivity pneumonitis. When given for long periods of time, nitrofurantoin can cause progressive pulmonary interstitial fibrosis. All these side effects are much more common in the elderly. Patients should be informed that nitrofurantoin colours urine a dark orange-brown; this is completely harmless.
Neonates (babies up to the age of one month) have immature enzyme systems in their red blood cells (glutathione instability) and nitrofurantoin must therefore not be used because it can cause haemolytic anaemia. For the same reason, nitrofurantoin should not be given to pregnant women after 38 weeks of pregnancy, or who are about to give birth.

2) Ciprofloxacin is the generic international name for the synthetic antibiotic manufactured and sold by Bayer Pharmaceutical under the brand names Cipro® and Ciproxin® (and other brand names in other markets, e.g. veterinary drugs), belonging to a group called fluoroquinolones. Ciprofloxacin is bactericidal. Its mode of action depends upon blocking bacterial DNA replication by binding itself to an enzyme called DNA gyrase, thereby causing double-stranded breaks in the bacterial choromosome.

Metal cations such as aluminium, magnesium, calcium, ferrous sulfate, and zinc are thought to form chelation complexes with fluoroquinolone antibiotics and prevent the drugs from being absorbed. Because of this, avoid taking antacids which contain aluminium, magnesium or calcium with ciprofloxacin. Sucralfate, which has a high aluminium content, also reduces the bioavailability of ciprofloxacin to approximately 4%. Ciprofloxacin may be taken with meals or on an empty stomach. Ciprofloxacin should not be taken with dairy products or calcium-fortified juices alone, but may be taken with a meal that contains these products.

3)Bacitracin is a mixture of related cyclic polypeptides produced by organisms of the licheniformis group of Bacillus subtilis var Tracy. Its unique name derives from the fact that the bacillus producing it was first isolated from a knee scrape from a little girl named "Tracy". As a toxic and difficult-to-use antibiotic, bacitracin doesn't work well orally. However, it is very effective topically.

4)Erythromycin (also known as eryth ethylsuc) is a macrolide antibiotic which has an antimicrobial spectrum similar to or slightly wider than that of penicillin, and is often used for people who have an allergy to penicillins. For respiratory tract infections, it has better coverage of atypical organisms, including mycoplasma. It is also used to treat outbreaks of chlamydia, syphilis, acne and gonorrhea. Structurally, this macrocyclic compound contains a 14-membered lactone ring with ten asymmetric centers and two sugars (L-cladinose and D-desoamine), making it a compound very difficult to produce via synthetic methods.

Side-effects
Gastrointestinal disturbances such as diarrhea, nausea, abdominal pain and vomiting are fairly common so it tends not to be prescribed as a first-line drug. However, erythromycin may be useful in treating gastroparesis due to this pro-motility effect. Intravenous erythromycin may also be used in endoscopy as an adjunct to clear gastric contents.
More serious side-effects, such as reversible deafness are rare. Allergic reactions, while uncommon, may occur, ranging from urticaria to anaphylaxis. Cholestasis, Stevens-Johnson syndrome and toxic epidermal necrolysis are some other rare side effects that may occur. Erythromycin has been shown to increase the probability of pyloric stenosis in children whose mothers took the drug during the late stages of pregnancy or while nursing.

6) Vancomycin (INN) is a glycopeptide antibiotic used in the prophylaxis and treatment of infections caused by Gram-positive bacteria. It has traditionally been reserved as a drug of "last resort", used only after treatment with other antibiotics had failed, although the emergence of vancomycin-resistant organisms means that it is increasingly being displaced from this role by linezolid and the carbapenems.

Common adverse drug reactions (≥1% of patients) associated with IV vancomycin include: local pain, which may be severe and/or thrombophlebitis. Nephrotoxicity is an infrequent adverse effect (0.1–1% of patients). Rare adverse effects (<0.1% of patients) include: anaphylaxis, toxic epidermal necrolysis, erythema multiforme, red man syndrome , superinfection, thrombocytopenia, neutropenia, leucopenia, tinnitus, dizziness and/or ototoxicity-

Answer 2

Side Effects Of Bacitracin

Answer 3

Honestly? ^_^ It's a little bit weird: --In general, people get more focused when I'm around. I've seen this especially in my apartment building, when I linger in the common areas, the people that are there--some of whom are mentally ill, others elderly--become more focused and thoughtful. And it seems like I *cannot* go shopping without a bunch of folks coming in *after me*.....my presence seems to suck customers in. --More specifically, one on one, guys tend to get a little irritated or intimidated. It's sad, a lot of my same-sex friends feel a need to get into regular, competitive "pissing contests" to see who's smarter or who has the wittier comeback. It's weird too. I don't *look* like a jock or anything, so I don't get where the alpha-male scent they pick up is coming from. --And more specifically with women....it depends. If they're already hostile towards guys like me (older, a bit chubby), they're going to be more so. But if not.... Once I start talking, they start laughing. ^_^ I look plain in real life, but people are shocked when I *talk* and they hear the voice that comes out. I guess I look rather dumb or something. I've actually caught women doing the 180 and start *smiling at me* once they hear me talk. It's odd. I guess my words *are* prettier than I am. ^_^ So the effect is either disconcerting or seductive, depending on how open the ladies are to it. Hope this helps. ^_^

Answer 4

It's important to say that tinnitus is a symptom and not a disease. Some people will have tinnitus because their Cochlea is damaged. And in a few, it could be caused due to hearing loss. But of course, the most common cause of tinnitus is exposure to loud noises. The noise can be a sudden burst, or it could be a constant banging that hits the ear drum and travels inside.

A good guide you can read about tinnitus and some good natural remedies can be found here: http://tinnitus.toptips.org

Answer 5

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Answer 6

i think you need this as an assignment in microbiology laboratory in the university of baguio, philippines. YOU SUCK! can't you even do a research and just depend on what they're all saying? May the Medical Technologists have pity on you when they find this.

Answer 7

They are what is called the big gun antibiotics. If they can't cure what ails you, it can't be cured. For an entire list of side affects, try buying a PDR or another drug book. Good Luck!!!!

Answer 8

first of all these are all broad spectrum anti's, the side effect are generally the same, most common, nausea, diarhea etc.

Answer 9

eack one has different side effects . go to these sites . www. webmd. com www.medicaljornal.org www.dukemedicalcenter. com www. rubymemoralcenter. com

Answer 10

So are you naming off the branches of your family tree--or do you have a question?