role of insulin??

Answer 1

oy, it regulates sugar in the blood stream.

Answer 2

2

Answer 3

Insulin is a hormone normally produced by the pancreas. In diabetics,the pancreas either stops producing insulin (Type 1) or produces too little or produces enough but the body doesn' t remember how to use it (Type II) and gluscose bulids up in the blood; therefore insulin is needed. Insulin allows glucose to be burned for energy by opening up receptors in our cells. In type II the insulin we produce will not open these receptors This is called "Insulin resistance" therefore Insulin shots or pills may be taken to give our system the boost it needs so the cells will open to allow glucose in and be burned for energy. Type 1 always requires insulin

Answer 4

Insulin is paired up with another hormone called Glucagon. both are responsible to regulate sugar levels.

When the sugar levels in the blood rise, insulin is secreted by the pancreas. the insulin makes the muscle cells and the liver to take in (absorb) glucose and convert it to glycogen, a polymer of glucose.

when the sugar levels fall, glucagon is released from the pancreas, which makes the muscles and liver to convert glycogen into glucose (break-down rather). the glucose is then released into the blood-stream to raise the sugar levels.

Answer 5

Insulin is a hormone normally produced by the pancreas.
It enables your body to process sugar into energy.

I have been a diabetic for 42 years - on insulin.
I put together my own site to help people. See it below:

Answer 6

Insulin is a hormone produced in the pancreas. Insulin is necessary to move sugar from the blood into other body tissues where it is needed for energy. Insulin also helps the body to metabolize (process) carbohydrates, fats, and proteins from the diet. In a person with diabetes, the pancreas does not produce enough insulin for the body's needs, so additional insulin is required. It must be injected because stomach acid would destroy it if taken by mouth. Insulin controls, but does not cure, diabetes. It must be taken regularly. People with diabetes gradually develop serious nerve, blood vessel, kidney, and eye problems, especially if the diabetes is not controlled properly.

This medication is sometimes prescribed for other uses; ask your doctor or pharmacist for more information.

How should this medicine be used?Return to top
Insulin usually is given by subcutaneous (beneath the skin) injection. The amount of insulin you need depends on diet, other diseases, exercise, and other drugs you are taking and may change with time. Your doctor will determine how often and at what time of day to inject your insulin, as well as what type of insulin will best control the level of sugar in your blood.

Insulin controls high blood sugar but does not cure diabetes. Continue to take insulin even if you feel well. Do not stop taking insulin without talking to your doctor.

The different types of insulin vary as to how quickly they start to work and how long they go on reducing the amount of blood sugar. For example, rapid-acting insulins, such as regular insulin and Semilente, start to work in 30–60 minutes and go on working for 5–16 hours; long-acting insulins, such as Ultralente, start to work in 4–8 hours and continue working for 36 hours.

All insulin bottles are marked with large black letters to indicate what type of insulin they contain. For example, regular = R and Ultralente = U. You must know both the type of insulin you use and how many units (or how many units of each type of insulin if you take more than one) to take with each injection. There are two different strengths of insulin: U-100 and U-500. Your doctor will determine which strength you should use.

U-100 syringes must be used with U-100 insulin, and different syringes must be used with U-500 insulin. Be sure to get the right kind and the same brand each time.

Plastic syringes are disposable; use a new one for each injection. Used needles will hurt more and may cause an infection. Do not use the insulin if it has changed color or if the expiration date on the bottle has passed. Regular insulin should be a clear, colorless solution (U-500 may be straw colored). Discard the bottle if the solution is cloudy or thickened. Other forms of insulin should be cloudy.

Roll the bottle between the palms of your hands and turn it upside down gently several times to mix it and warm it before preparing your dose. Do not shake the bottle vigorously. Do not use it if the insulin has clumped, if lumps or particles are stuck to the sides of the bottle.

Preparing Your Dose: Ask your pharmacist or doctor to show you how to prepare your insulin dose. Wipe the rubber cap with an alcohol pad or cotton dipped in rubbing alcohol. It is easier to withdraw insulin if you first inject air into the bottle. Pull the syringe plunger back to draw up the same number of units of air as insulin that you will be taking. Insert the needle through the rubber cap and inject the air into the bottle. Invert the bottle and syringe, pull back on the plunger to draw insulin into the syringe, and measure the correct number of units of insulin. Be sure that there are no bubbles in the syringe. While the bottle is still inverted, you can tap gently on the syringe to eliminate these bubbles.

If you have trouble seeing the small markings on the syringe, have someone help you. Also, let your doctor and pharmacist know about this problem. They can provide syringes that are easier to read, special tools to help you fill the syringe, or prefilled syringes. If you take two types of insulin at the same time, such as regular and NPH, do not change the order of mixing. Whenever you mix regular insulin with another type of insulin, draw up the regular insulin (the clear solution) first.

Injecting Your Dose: You will be shown how to inject insulin correctly. You can inject it into your abdomen, buttocks, thighs, and arms. Clean the skin at the injection site with an alcohol pad or rubbing alcohol. Pinch a fold of skin with your fingers at least 3 inches apart and insert the needle at a 45–90-degree angle. Then inject the insulin, withdraw the needle, and press lightly (do not rub) on the skin.

Use a different site for each injection, about 1 inch away from the previous injection but in the same general area (e.g., thigh). Use all available sites in the same general area before switching to a different area (e.g., arm). Do not use the same injection site more often than once every month or two.

What special precautions should I follow?Return to top
Before taking insulin,

tell your doctor and pharmacist if you have had an allergic reaction to beef or pork, insulin, or any other drugs.
tell your doctor and pharmacist what prescription and nonprescription medications you are taking, including vitamins. Other medications can affect the action of insulin and can cause inaccurate results in urine tests for sugar or ketones. Do not take nonprescription medications, particularly cold and allergy medications, and medications that contain alcohol or sugar without talking to your doctor or pharmacist.
tell your doctor if you have or have ever had thyroid, liver, or kidney disease or a severe infection.
tell your doctor if you are pregnant, plan to become pregnant, or are breast-feeding. If you become pregnant while taking insulin, call your doctor.
if you are having surgery, including dental surgery, tell the doctor or

Answer 7

an enzyme which controls your sugar level. It is released by an endocrine(DUCTLESS GLANDS) gland called pancreas.

Answer 8

Please see the webpages for more details on Insulin.

Answer 9

WHAT IS THE ROLE OF INSULIN SIGNALING IN SKELETAL MUSCLE?

In humans, skeletal muscle accounts for the largest fraction of insulin-dependent glucose disposal (14). Epidemiological data indicate that resistance of skeletal muscle to insulin-dependent glucose uptake and phosphorylation is an early step in the development of type 2 diabetes (11). Several studies have analyzed the role of insulin receptor (IR) signaling in skeletal muscle by use of transgenic and knockout mice. Early work by Moller and colleagues (Chang et al., Ref. 7) employed in mice a dominant-negative IR transgene to inhibit IR function in muscle. In these mice, metabolic control was unaffected despite decreased IR signaling. Likewise, conditional knockout of Ir in skeletal muscle using the Cre/loxp system leads to impaired insulin signaling without insulin resistance (5). A dominant-negative Ir transgene, bred onto an Ir heterozygous knockout background, impairs glucose tolerance but fails to cause diabetes (27). IR signaling in muscle appears to require IR substrate-1 (IRS-1), because ablation of IRS-2 has no effect on insulin-dependent glucose uptake (17). In view of the lack of insulin resistance in mice with a complete knockout of the main insulin-responsive glucose transporter GLUT4 (19), this body of work raised the question of whether skeletal muscle is indeed as pivotal a target of insulin action as it has been thought to be.

Several observations in the past two years have clarified this apparent discrepancy. First, analysis of glucose uptake in cultures of IR-deficient myoblasts and primary muscle cultures indicated that two alternative signaling pathways compensate for the lack of IRs: insulin-like growth factor I (IGF-I) receptor (37) and contraction-activated signaling (40). The latter appears to be mediated through AMP-activated protein kinase (32). Moreover, shunting of glucose utilization from muscle to adipose tissue provides partial metabolic compensation in mice lacking IRs in muscle (22). The latter findings are consistent with data showing that simultaneous ablation of IRs in muscle and adipose tissue results in a more severe phenotype than muscle-restricted inactivation of IRs (27). In contrast, selective disruption of the insulin-sensitive glucose transporter GLUT4 in muscle results in a profound reduction of both insulin- and contraction-stimulated glucose transport, with early-onset insulin resistance and glucose intolerance (43). These studies indicate that, although the presence of compensatory mechanisms enables mice lacking muscle IRs to overcome the impairment of insulin signaling, a direct impediment to glucose uptake results in severe metabolic derangement. This explanation finds experimental support in a mouse model of combined ablation of insulin and IGF-I receptors in skeletal muscle. In this case, mice developed diabetes with metabolic changes typical of the insulin-resistant state (13).

In our attempt to reconcile these disparate data sets, we should be mindful of two basic truths. First, some of the phenotypic variations among these mouse models are due to the effects of genetic background (21); second, the milder phenotype of genetic alterations in muscle mirrors in part the different patterns of glycogen storage in rodents and humans. Whereas hepatic glycogen content is comparable in humans and mice, muscle glycogen content in mice is only ~10% of human muscle glycogen content as a percentage of total body glycogen (2). The phenotypes of mice with conditional knockouts of Ir and Glut4 in skeletal muscle confirm that muscle glucose disposal is central to fuel metabolism, but they indicate that IR signaling is only one of the pathways leading to GLUT4 translocation and glucose uptake.

http://ajpendo.physiology.org/cgi/content/full/282/5/E977

Answer 10

don't ask about diabetics......plzzzzzzzzzzzzzz