I need help getting information on HPV and Childbirth and Birth Defects?

Answer 1

HPV doesn't cause birth defects. Many women who have HPV have perfectly normal healthy babies.

The Human Papilloma Virus (HPV, or genital warts) is extremely common -- Planned Parenthood estimates that up to one out of 10 Americans have genital HPV infection. While there is a very small risk that the baby can develop laryngeal papillomas (vocal cord warts), the incidence is very low. The thinking for the past several years is to allow vaginal birth in these circumstances. Most authorities believe it is not necessary to do a cesarean delivery.
http://pregnancytoday.com/experts/ob-hpv.htm

It's possible for you to pass the virus to your baby, but this doesn't happen very often. Even if your child does contract HPV, he's likely to overcome it on his own without any symptoms or problems. In the unlikely event that he gets the type of HPV that causes genital warts, he may develop warts on his vocal cords and other areas sometime in infancy or childhood. This condition, called recurrent respiratory papillomatosis, is very serious, but fortunately it's also rare.
http://www.babycenter.com/refcap/pregnancy/pregcomplications/1427380.html

Answer 2

Hpv Birth Defects

Answer 3

hpv doesn't cause birth defects so thankfully you don't have to worry about that. You can ask your OB-GYN for info. they usually have lots of magazines in the waiting room with subscriptions to free magazines and lots of other things that you will need. the next best place for info in the internet!!

Answer 4

Google that or go to Encarta.

Answer 5

Genital HPV infection is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Human papillomavirus is the name of a group of viruses that includes more than 100 different strains or types. More than 30 of these viruses are sexually transmitted, and they can infect the genital area of men and women including the skin of the penis, vulva (area outside the vagina), or anus, and the linings of the vagina, cervix, or rectum. Most people who become infected with HPV will not have any symptoms and will clear the infection on their own.

Some of these viruses are called "high-risk" types, and may cause abnormal Pap tests. They may also lead to cancer of the cervix, vulva, vagina, anus, or penis. Others are called "low-risk" types, and they may cause mild Pap test abnormalities or genital warts. Genital warts are single or multiple growths or bumps that appear in the genital area, and sometimes are cauliflower shaped.



Approximately 20 million people are currently infected with HPV. At least 50 percent of sexually active men and women acquire genital HPV infection at some point in their lives. By age 50, at least 80 percent of women will have acquired genital HPV infection. About 6.2 million Americans get a new genital HPV infection each year.



The types of HPV that infect the genital area are spread primarily through genital contact. Most HPV infections have no signs or symptoms; therefore, most infected persons are unaware they are infected, yet they can transmit the virus to a sex partner. Rarely, a pregnant woman can pass HPV to her baby during vaginal delivery. A baby that is exposed to HPV very rarely develops warts in the throat or voice box.



Most people who have a genital HPV infection do not know they are infected. The virus lives in the skin or mucous membranes and usually causes no symptoms. Some people get visible genital warts, or have pre-cancerous changes in the cervix, vulva, anus, or penis. Very rarely, HPV infection results in anal or genital cancers.

Genital warts usually appear as soft, moist, pink, or flesh-colored swellings, usually in the genital area. They can be raised or flat, single or multiple, small or large, and sometimes cauliflower shaped. They can appear on the vulva, in or around the vagina or anus, on the cervix, and on the penis, scrotum, groin, or thigh. After sexual contact with an infected person, warts may appear within weeks or months, or not at all.

Genital warts are diagnosed by visual inspection. Visible genital warts can be removed by medications the patient applies, or by treatments performed by a health care provider. Some individuals choose to forego treatment to see if the warts will disappear on their own. No treatment regimen for genital warts is better than another, and no one treatment regimen is ideal for all cases.



Most women are diagnosed with HPV on the basis of abnormal Pap tests. A Pap test is the primary cancer-screening tool for cervical cancer or pre-cancerous changes in the cervix, many of which are related to HPV. Also, a specific test is available to detect HPV DNA in women. The test may be used in women with mild Pap test abnormalities, or in women >30 years of age at the time of Pap testing. The results of HPV DNA testing can help health care providers decide if further tests or treatment are necessary.

No HPV tests are available for men.



There is no "cure" for HPV infection, although in most women the infection goes away on its own. The treatments provided are directed to the changes in the skin or mucous membrane caused by HPV infection, such as warts and pre-cancerous changes in the cervix.



All types of HPV can cause mild Pap test abnormalities which do not have serious consequences. Approximately 10 of the 30 identified genital HPV types can lead, in rare cases, to development of cervical cancer. Research has shown that for most women (90 percent), cervical HPV infection becomes undetectable within two years. Although only a small proportion of women have persistent infection, persistent infection with "high-risk" types of HPV is the main risk factor for cervical cancer.

A Pap test can detect pre-cancerous and cancerous cells on the cervix. Regular Pap testing and careful medical follow-up, with treatment if necessary, can help ensure that pre-cancerous changes in the cervix caused by HPV infection do not develop into life threatening cervical cancer. The Pap test used in U.S. cervical cancer screening programs is responsible for greatly reducing deaths from cervical cancer. For 2004, the American Cancer Society estimates that about 10,520 women will develop invasive cervical cancer and about 3,900 women will die from this disease. Most women who develop invasive cervical cancer have not had regular cervical cancer screening.



The surest way to eliminate risk for genital HPV infection is to refrain from any genital contact with another individual.

For those who choose to be sexually active, a long-term, mutually monogamous relationship with an uninfected partner is the strategy most likely to prevent future genital HPV infections. However, it is difficult to determine whether a partner who has been sexually active in the past is currently infected.

For those choosing to be sexually active and who are not in long-term mutually monogamous relationships, reducing the number of sexual partners and choosing a partner less likely to be infected may reduce the risk of genital HPV infection. Partners less likely to be infected include those who have had no or few prior sex partners.

HPV infection can occur in both male and female genital areas that are covered or protected by a latex condom, as well as in areas that are not covered. While the effect of condoms in preventing HPV infection is unknown, condom use has been associated with a lower rate of cervical cancer, an HPV-associated disease.Genital HPV infection is a sexually transmitted disease (STD) that is caused by human papillomavirus (HPV). Human papillomavirus is the name of a group of viruses that includes more than 100 different strains or types. More than 30 of these viruses are sexually transmitted, and they can infect the genital area of men and women including the skin of the penis, vulva (area outside the vagina), or anus, and the linings of the vagina, cervix, or rectum. Most people who become infected with HPV will not have any symptoms and will clear the infection on their own




child birth

Definition
Delivery presentation describes the way the fetus is positioned to come down the birth canal for delivery. The presentation is defined by fetal attitude, the presenting part, and maternal and fetal landmarks.

Alternative Names
Shoulder presentation; Malpresentations; Breech birth; Cephalic presentation; Fetal lie; Fetal attitude
Information
THE DELIVERY PROCESS

The delivery process is described in terms of fetal station, lie, attitude, and presentation.

Fetal station:

This is the relationship between the presenting part, whether that be the head, shoulder, buttocks, or feet, and two parts of the maternal pelvis called the ischial spines. Normally the ischial spines are the narrowest part of the pelvis, and are a natural measuring point for the delivery progress. If the presenting part lies above the ischial spines, the station is reported as a negative number from 0 to -3 where each number is a centimeter. If the presenting part lies below the ischial spines, the station is reported as a positive number from 0 to 3 where each number is a centimeter. The baby is said to be "engaged" in the pelvis when it reaches 0 station.

Fetal lie:

This is the relationship between the head to tailbone axis of the fetus and the head to tailbone axis of the mother. If the two are parallel, then the fetus is said to be in a longitudinal lie. If the two are at 90-degree angles to each other, the fetus is said to be in a transverse lie. Nearly all (99.5%) fetuses are in a longitudinal lie.

Fetal attitude:

The fetal attitude describes the relationship of the fetus' body parts to one another. The normal fetal attitude is commonly referred to as the fetal position: the head is tucked down to the chest, with arms and legs drawn in towards the center of the chest. Abnormal fetal attitudes may include a head that is extended back or other body parts extended or positioned behind the back. Abnormal fetal attitudes can increase the diameter of the presenting part as it passes through the pelvis, increasing the difficulty of birth.

Fetal presentation:

Cephalic (head-first) presentation:

Cephalic presentation is considered normal and occurs in about 97% of deliveries. There are different types of cephalic presentation, which depend on the fetal attitude. If the fetus' head is extended back, then the chin, face, or forehead will exit first depending on the degree of extension. This is not considered preferable since this part of the fetal head is not the smallest, thus increasing the difficulty of the birth. Preferably the fetal head is flexed down to the chest resulting in a "vertex" delivery, in which the crown of the head exits first.

Breech presentation:

Breech presentation is considered abnormal and occurs about 3% of the time. A complete breech birth occurs when the buttocks present first, and both the hips and the knees are flexed. A frank breech occurs when the hips are flexed so the legs are completely drawn up towards the chest. Other breech positions occur when either the feet or knees come first.

Shoulder presentation:

The shoulder, arm, or trunk may exit first if the fetus is in a transverse lie. This type of birth occurs less than 1% of the time. Transverse lie is more common with premature delivery or multiple gestation.

birth defects

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Complications during birth or pregnancy?

Children are born with preventable birth injuries every day. Many of these terrible injuries are due to the negligence of doctors, nurses and hospitals.

Sometimes Cerebral Palsy is due to an accident during labor and delivery. You deserve to know if your child's disability is due to negligent care and you have the right to investigate its cause and know the options you have. You have the right to seek legal assistance to help defray medical bills, education costs and help prevent the same error from happening again to other children.
rth Defects: Frequently Asked Questions (FAQs)



Q: What is a birth defect?

A birth defect is a problem that happens while the baby is developing in the mother’s body. Most birth defects happen during the first 3 months of pregnancy.

A birth defect may affect how the body looks, works, or both. It can be found before birth, at birth, or anytime after birth. Most defects are found within the first year of life. Some birth defects (such as cleft lip or clubfoot) are easy to see, but others (such as heart defects or hearing loss) are found using special tests (such as x-rays, CAT scans, or hearing tests). Birth defects can vary from mild to severe.

Some birth defects can cause the baby to die. Babies with birth defects may need surgery or other medical treatments, but, if they receive the help they need, these babies often lead full lives.

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Q: What are the most common birth defects?

One of every 33 babies is born with a birth defect. A birth defect can affect almost any part of the body. The well being of the child depends mostly on which organ or body part is involved and how much it is affected.

Many birth defects affect the heart. About 1 in every 100 to 200 babies is born with a heart defect. Heart defects make up about one-third to one-fourth of all birth defects. Some of these heart defects can be serious, and a few are very severe. In some places of the world, heart defects cause half of all deaths from birth defects in children less than 1 year of age.

Other common birth defects are “neural tube defects,” which are defects of the spine (spina bifida) and brain (anencephaly). They affect about 1 of 1,000 pregnancies. These defects can be serious and are often life threatening. They happen less often than heart defects, but they cause many fetal and infant deaths.

Birth defects of the lip and roof of the mouth are also common. These birth defects, known as “orofacial clefts,” include cleft lip, cleft palate, and combined cleft lip and cleft palate. Cleft lip is more common than cleft palate. In many places of the world, orofacial clefts affect about 1 in 700 to 1,000 babies.

Some birth defects are common but rarely life threatening, though they often require medical and surgical attention. “Hypospadias,” for example, is a fairly common defect found in male babies. In babies with hypospadias, the opening of the urethra (where urine comes out) is not at the tip of the penis but on the underside. Treatment depends on how far away from the tip the opening is and can involve complex surgery. This defect is rarely as serious as the others listed above, but it can cause great concern and sometimes has high medical costs. It rarely causes death.

These are only some of the most common birth defects. Two final points are worth noting. First, genetic conditions, though not mentioned so far, also occur often. Down syndrome, for example, is a genetic condition that affects about 1 in 800 babies, but it affects many more babies who are born to older women. Second, a woman who is pregnant may miscarry a baby (fetus) early, before it is time for the baby to be born. This often happens when the fetus has a severe birth defect. To know the true impact of birth defects and how often they occur, we not only need to look at babies born but also, if possible, look at all pregnancies.

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Q: What is my chance of having a baby with a birth defect?

In the United States, about 3% of babies are born with birth defects. Some women have a higher chance of having a child with a birth defect. Women over the age of 35 years have a higher chance of having a child with Down syndrome than women who are younger. If taken when a woman is pregnant, certain drugs can increase the chance of birth defects. Also, women who smoke and use alcohol while pregnant have a higher risk of having a baby with certain birth defects. Other women have a higher chance of having a baby with a birth defect because someone in their family had a similar birth defect. To learn more about your risk of having a baby with a birth defect, you can talk with a genetic counselor. (To find a genetic counselor, see Where can I find a geneticist or genetic counselor?) Also, to reduce your chances of having a baby with a birth defect, talk with your health care provider about any medicines that you take, do not drink alcohol or smoke, and be sure to take 400 micrograms of the B vitamin folic acid every day. It is the amount of folic acid found in most multivitamins.

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Q: Do genetic factors play a role in causing birth defects?

Yes, in some but not all cases. Changes in the genes can cause certain birth defects in infants. Genes tell each cell in the body how to combine with other cells to form parts of the body. For example, genes tell certain cells to make the heart, the kidneys, or the brain, and they tell other cells to make our physical features, like green eyes or brown hair. Genes also tell the cells how to work in the body. Genes give instructions for cells in our heart to beat, our stomach to digest food, our muscles to push and pull, and our brain to think.

Genes combine with many other genes to make chromosomes. Changes in single genes, groups of genes, or entire chromosomes can sometimes cause birth defects. These genetic changes might happen only in the infant, or they might pass down from one or both parents. Sometimes, there are other relatives in the family with the same birth defect, but not always.

Factors other than genetics can also increase the chance of having a baby with a birth defect. (See Does alcohol cause birth defects? Does smoking cause birth defects? Do illegal drugs cause birth defects?). In some cases, the mother or baby has genes that are easily affected by factors outside the body that cause birth defects. In this case, genes and environment work together to cause a birth defect.