what is the recipe for roasting barley grains and then the subsequent wheat for the preparation of tsampa?

Question

I am trying to roast my own barley and barley flour to produce homemade tibetan tsampa and I would like to know a specific recipe if there is one who knows. (What kind of barley and how long to roast, both the whole barley and hulled wheat?) Also, how would buttered tea be best prepared?

Answer 1

Tsampa

Tsampa (Tibetan: rtsam pa) is a Tibetan staple foodstuff, particularly prominent in the central part of the country. It is roasted flour, usually barley (nas rtsam), sometimes also wheat (gro rtsam) or rice ('bras rtsam). It is usually mixed with Tibetan tea, or po-cha, a salty, yak-milk tea.

Preparation

Tsampa is quite simple to prepare; indeed, it is known as a convenience food and often used by sherpas, nomads, and other travelers. In its simplest form, tsampa may be prepared by placing the roasted flour in a bowl and pouring tea over the top (some prefer to switch the two actions). After the preparer uses his fingers to knead the mixture into a doughy paste, small parts of the tsampa are broken off, kneaded into small rolls or balls, and consumed by hand. When intended as a more elaborate meal, preparation begins by drying, roasting, and grounding the flour. After adding the tea to the flour (or the flour to the tea), yak butter is added to hold the flour together, and the dish may be pan-fried before eating. Meat and/or vegetables may be added to the dish before serving.

Determining the correct amount of tea to place in the flour is a careful balancing act. Pouring too much tea over the flour, such that it concentrates at the bottom of the bowl, creates "mud tsampa"; on the other hand, being too stingy with the tea leaves one with equally undesirable "dust tsampa." The precise proportions used are generally a matter of personal preference.

While traditional tsampa is prepared with tea, water or beer are sometimes used in its place.

Cultural Meanings

Tsampa is sometimes called the national food of Tibet. Besides constituting a substantial, arguably predominant part of the Tibetan diet, its prominence also derives from the tradition of throwing pinches of tsampa in the air during many Buddhist rituals. It is believed that Tsampa throwing actually predates Buddhist beliefs in the area, originally used as an offering to animistic Gods to request their protection. The tradition was consequently incorporated into Buddhism as a "mark of joy and celebration" used at celebratory occasions such as marriages and birthdays. Today it is particularly known in that regard for its use in New Year celebrations, where it is accompanyied by chanted verses expressing the desire for good luck in the forthcoming year, for both oneself and others. Tsampa throwing also occurs at most Buddhist funerals, where the action is intended to release the soul of the deceased.

Tsampa is used in a number of other ways. Mashes of tsampa and kummel are sometimes applied to toothaches or other sore spots. Tsampa is also known among Tibetan sportsmen for its ability to provide rapid energy boosts; the roasting of the flour breaks it down to an easily digestible state, allowing the calories therein to be quickly incorporated by the body.

Since the Chinese invasion and occupation of Tibet, tsampa has become a symbol of Tibetan identity and cultural oppression. Considered primitive and backwards by the modernizing Chinese, tsampa is prepared less often and, when it is still prepared, the flour is sometimes replaced by Chinese rice.
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Theory and Practice of Tsampa:

Three steps towards non-stickiness

I once met a foreign girl in Amdo who hadn't eaten tsampa before. While the mother of the household was preparing her a bowl I could feel the anticipation rising. Soon I would again see a miniature carneval that would end in half of the tsampa being on the floor, with the rest stuck to her fingers like somekind of glue. The Tibetans, clearly more sensitive to her nutritional needs than me and the dog, offered to roll it up for her; to my delight she declined the offer. Several twists and turns later the whole spectacle came to an end. Nearly clean fingers, nothing for the dog. "How did you do that?", I asked. "I used to do pottery", came the answer.

Making tsampa is in many ways like working with clay. On the one hand it is a matter of getting the right proportion of ingredients, of balancing the fine line between mud tsampa and sand storm tsampa. On the other hand, it takes a skilled hand to shape it into an edible piece of art without spilling it left and right.

Floating or submarine tsampa?
There are basically two ways of serving up tsampa. The more common way is to put the barley flour in first and then pour tea on top. This way it is possible to drink several cups of tea and then proceed to the task at hand when the time is ripe. The downside here is that you need to determine how much of the tea to leave in order to get the proper consistency. Most beginners tend to drink too little (or none at all believing it is all ready to go), which invariably results in mud tsampa. Contrary to what it may seem like, you will need to drink nearly all of the tea. Although the bottom layer of the bowl will still be dry, the tea is to some degree soaked into the upper layer and this is almost enough to make perfect tsampa. So just leave a very thin layer of tea. If in doubt err towards mud rather than dust, unless you prefer choking on overly dry tsampa to washing your hands afterwards.

The flour can also be poured in after the tea, in which case the ratio of tea to flour is pre-determined by your host. The challenge now is to not disturb the harmony by spilling, which is easier said than done since the flour as a rule rises high above the edges. If you make flour heaps on the floor you will be punished by mud in the bowl, unless your host helps you save face by offering you more tsampa. It is not uncommon for native Tibetans to have to adjust the tsampa-tea ratio for optimum texture down the road, but the reason is not usually a sandstorm but rather personal preference or a slight miscalulation. Even though you don't need to worry about proportions, this is still the harder way to eat your tsampa with style.

The butter variable

Butter is the great equalizer in the tsampa equation. Its greasy nature helps bind the flour together, which means that even though you might end up with too little tea you can still be saved by a big chunk of butter. Butter also helps add some needed weight if you have too much tea. One cannot but conclude that the more butter the better.

It is unfortunate that many, if not most, non-Tibetans find the somewhat rancid taste of yak butter unpalatable. You have been warned: omit the butter and you will not only be perceived of as strange, but you will also have a very small margin of error. If you are hiking you will also omit some much needed calories from your meal. My own experience is that the taste of butter grows on you. It took perhaps a month of daily eating to go from being a butter-hater to a butter-lover; after another 12 months I nearly loved butter as much as I do little furry baby yaks. It helps if there is not much else around to eat.

Let's get a rollin'!

While the challenges posed by floating and submarine tsampa differ, the technique is essentially the same: Use one finger at first to avoid messing up your whole hand in the initial wet phase.

When your finger starts to encounter more resistance due to the mixture thickening up, it is time to plunge in there with your whole hand. Pull in the mixture with the fingers and squeeze it hard against your palm and the bowl to make it firmer and more dense. This is not a back-and-forth movement, as the goal is to get everything to mix with everything. Rotate the bowl with the hand holding it to keep working on all areas of the tsampa. Use the index finger side of the hand to push back in any tsampa that starts to go up over the edge when turning the bowl. Don't worry about your hand feeling slightly sticky in the beginning; unless you really have too much liquid it will start to dry up with the tsampa itself. If everything works out, your hand will actually not have any trace of tsampa left on it after you're done.

When the consistency is more or less even you can either start nibbling small pieces of it, or you can go for the grande finale and roll it up into a single piece. When it is dry enough you don't need the bowl anymore, just take it out and massage it in your hand. The good thing about this method, is that now your bowl is free for tea. Tea is never wrong with tsampa. Trust me.
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Answer 2

Roasted Barley Flour

Answer 3

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