Happy new year to all devotees.what is the cycle of year astrologically and what starts in January spiritually

Question

when Hindi month begins ie corresponding to english date. and why Hindi january is different from english january .

Answer 1

Having the personal experience in Astrology as one of the hobbies for 40 years:

Reference 1:
The Hindu calendar is a combined lunar and solar calendar as is based on the position of both sun and moon. When referring to the lunar cycle we refer to tithi and paksha, but when referring to the solar cycle we talk in terms of sankranti and gate. Festivals and other religious occasions are based both on the solar and the lunar cycles. For example some of the sankrantis (corresponding to the solar calendar) like the Mesh Sankranti (more popularly known as Baishaki), Kark Sankranti, etc. are very important and celebrated throughout the country, while on the other hand important festivals like Basant Panchami, Mahashivratri, Holi, Diwali, Janmashtami, Ramnavami, etc. are determined by the lunar calendar.

SOLAR CYCLE:
A solar month is the time it takes the sun to travel through a zodiac sign (rashi). The entry of the sun in a rashi is celebrated as sankrant and is also the start of the solar month. Thus there are twelve sankrants in a year. For example, the month of Baishaka begins when the sun enters the zodiac sign Aries.

A solar year has two ayana (halves) of six months each, solar month is further divided in to 30 or 31 gate (days). The northern declination of the sun when it appears to move between the constellation Capricorn and Gemini is called Uttarayana. This corresponds to the movement of the sun from the Tropic of Capricorn northwards towards the Tropic of Cancer. Uttarayana starts on the day of Makar Sankranti. The southern declination of the sun when it appears to move between the constellations Cancer and Sagittarus is called Dakshinayana. This corresponds to the movement of the sun from the Tropic of Cancer southwards towards the Tropic of Capricorn. Dakshinayana starts on the day of Kark Sankranti. The solar year begins with the entrance of the sun into Mesha(Aries) or Makara which is around 14/15 of January.

LUNAR CYCLE :
The lunar month (masa) consists of 30 tithis (days) which can begin at any time of the solar day, but for practical purposes they are considered to commences at sunrise and last through the whole solar day. The tithes are grouped into pakshas with 14-15 days each. The Krishna Paksha is the dark half or waning phase, from purnima to amavasya, and the Shukla Paksha is the bright half or waxing phase, from amavasya to purnima. In North India, the lunar month starts on the first day of the Krishna Paksha (Krishna Paksh Pratipada) and the last day of the month is the day of purnima. In Bengal, Maharashtra and South India, the amanta system is used, in which the lunar month instead starts on the first day of Shukla Paksha (Shukla Paksha Pratipada) and ends on the day of amavasya. Each masa is named after the naksatra in which the full moon occurs in each successive month.

The Hindu new year or samvatsar starts on the day of Chitra Shukla Pratipada (the first day of the bright half of the month of Chaitra). But the New Year is celebrated on different days in different part of country. Some regions and communities start their new year on KartikShukla Pratipada (the first day of the bright half of the month of kartik). This would be the time of Diwali. In Bengal and Punjab the New Year starts on the day of Mesh Sankrant (popularly known as Baisakhi), while the Tamil New Year falls on the day after Baishakhi (i.e. 15 April).

Reference 2:
The Hindu Calendar has its origins in Vedānga (a supplement to Vedas) called Jyotisha (literally, “celestial body study”). After the Vedic period, scholars such as Āryabhatta (5th century CE), Varāhamihira (6th century CE) and Bhāskara (12th century CE) contributed to the development of the Hindu Calendar. The most widely used authoritative text for the Hindu Calendars is the Sūrya Siddhānta, thought to have been written around 10th century CE.

Types of calendars:
Calendars are typically based on the movement of two prominent celestial bodies — the sun (solar calendar) and the moon (lunar calendar) or a combination of both (lunisolar calendar). The calendar most of us use in daily life with January, February etc. as months is based on the position of Earth relative to Sun during the former’s movement around the latter and is hence a solar calendar. There are more than THIRTY well-developed HINDU CALENDARS, all variants of the SURYA SIDDHANTA based calendars. However, the two most commonly used calendars are the Vikrama calendar and the Shalivahana or Saka calendar. In the Vikrama calendar, the zero year corresponds to 58 BCE, while in the Shalivahana calendar, it corresponds to 78 CE. Both the calendars are lunisolar i.e the date indicates both the moon phase and the time of the solar year.

Eras and Year numbering:
Hindus consider time to progress cyclically over four eras or ages — Krita Yuga, Tretā Yuga, Dvāpara Yuga and Kali Yuga. We are currently in Kali Yuga which is supposed to have begun around 3102 BCE, therefore our Kali Yuga year (as of 2007) would be 5109. Apart from this numbering system, there is also a cycle of 60 calendar year names, called Samvatsaras, which start at the first year of the yuga and run continuously. These go by the names — Prabhava, Vibhava, Shukla etc. 2007-2008 happens to be Sarvajit Nama Samvatsara.

Months of lunisolar calendar:
When a new moon occurs before sunrise on a day, that day is said to be the first day of the lunar month. A lunar month has 29 or 30 days (according to the movement of the moon). There are twelve lunar month names — Chaitra,Vaishākha, Jyaishtha, Āshādha, Shrāvana, Bhādrapada, Āshwina, Kārtika, Mārgashīrsha, Pausha, Māgha,Phālguna. Determining which name a lunar month takes is somewhat indirect and based on the rāshis. Rāshis correspond to 12 Zodiac signs in cosmology. The day on which the Sun transits into each rāshi before sunset is taken to be the first day of the month. The rāshis are : Mesha(Aries),Vrushabha (Taurus), Mithuna(Gemini), Karka(Cancer), Simha(Leo), Kanya(Virgo), Tula(Libra), Vruschika(Scorpio), Dhanu(Sagittarius), Makara (Capricornus), Kumbha (Aquarius) and Meena(Pisces). The time and date when Sun enters Mesha in the lunar month of Chaitra is traditionally observed as the New Year. Depending on the particular Hindu calendar, this is usually around 22nd March or 15th April.

Day specification in the Hindu calendar:
The Hindu calendrical day starts with local sunrise. It is allotted five “properties”, called angas. They are: the ‘tithi‘ active at sunrise, the ‘vaasara‘ or weekday, the nakshatra in which the moon resides at sunrise, the yoga active at sunrise, the karana active at sunrise. It is from these that we arrive at the word for Hindu calendar - panchang. As we have seen before, the time the moon takes for each revolution around the earth is considered a month. The month is divided into two phases or pakshas depending on the phase of the moon. When the moon is waxing (becoming brighter) the month is in Shukla paksha and when it is waning, it is in Krishna paksha. Each paksha is divided into 15 tithis. The first 14 tithis are Sanskrit numbers for 1 to 14 (Prathama,Dvitiya etc.). The 15th tithi of Shukla paksha is Poornima (full moon) and the 15th tithi of Krishna paksha is Amavasya (new moon). There are 7 vāsaras : Ravi (Sunday), Soma (Monday), Mangala (Tuesday), Budha(Wednesday),Guru (Thursday), Shukra(Friday), Shani(Saturday). The nakshatra is the zodiac constellation in which the moon is found on the particular day at the time of sunrise. There are 27 such constellations and go by names such as Ashvinī, Bharanī, Hasta etc. The yoga is based on the longitudes of sun and moon. There are 27 such yogas. The karana is the time required for the angular distance between the sun and the moon to increase in steps of 6° starting from 0°.

Answer 2

I am not at all good in astrology but I read one article that In India you have more than 5 different calendars. The Jains, the Buddhists, the Vaisnavas of south and North India etc. have all different calendars. Because the religious ceremonies are done at the auspicious time of certain good positions of the stars and planets when the influence of them is favorable the time calculation is also different. That is to say to more easily calculate these positions they prefer to use lunar calendar and not the solar like in the west. Anyway the story is long but this much for now. Hare Krishna.

Answer 3

Jesus is the beginning and the end.
The First and the Last.
The Alpha and the Omega.

Answer 4

only 9 moe minutes till 2008 :D