how is reciprocal translocation different from crossing over in meiosis?

Question

how is reciprocal translocation different from crossing over in meiosis?

Answer 1

Crossing over only happens between homologous chromosomes. As long as crossing over is even, then the combination of alleles is different, but the genes will still be in their proper places on the proper chromosomes.

Reciprocal translocation can occur between nonhomologous chromosomes. This means that alleles can end up on totally different chromosomes than where these genes are usually found. In this case, some cells will get duplicate copies of some of the genes and be missing others.

Translocation is a mutation while crossing over is a normal way of recombining alleles.