how and why did punishments change between 1800 -1900?

Question

how have the punishments in 1800 changed sinces the punishments in 1900

Answer 1

Physical punishment was considered the norm and perfectly acceptable for every level of society before the 1900's. Capital punishment was the only real method used for treason, murder, rape, or similar crimes.

The rise of psychology and the various schools of thought within it have caused people to think that any form of physical punishment or capital punishment is evil.