what is Philadelphia chromosome, how can we diagonize it ?

Question

what is the in situ hybridisation result of interpreation with a use of three colors a ) red b) yellow C) green

Answer 1

The fluorescent in situ hybridization test uses BCR and ABL containing DNA probes that give pure red and green signals for the genes and a yellow signal when they are brought together in the translocation. The website below has the pictures and probes

Answer 2

Philadelphia chromosome or Philadelphia translocation is a specific chromosomal abnormality that is associated with chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML). It is due to a reciprocal translocation designated as t(9;22)(q34;q11), which means an exchange of genetic material between region q34 of chromosome 9 and region q11 of chromosome 22. The presence of this translocation is a highly sensitive test for CML, since 95% of people with CML have this abnormality (The remainder have either a cryptic translocation that is invisible on G-banded chromosome preparations, or a variant translocation involving another chromosome or chromosomes as well as the long arm of chromosomes 9 and 22). However, the presence of the Philadelphia (Ph) chromosome is not sufficient to diagnose CML, since it is also found in acute lymphoblastic leukemia (ALL, 25–30% in adult and 2–10% in pediatric cases) and occasionally in acute myelogenous leukemia (AML).

Answer 3

Detailed studies of the Philadelphia chromosome show that most of chromosome 22 has been translocated onto the long arm of chromosome 9. In addition, the small distal portion of the short arm of chromosome 9 is translocated to chromosome 22. This translocation, which is found only in tumor cells, indicates that a patient has chronic myelogenous leukemia (CML).

Answer 4

Diagonize