South American Landforms
The second highest mountain range in the world is the Andes. It runs along the Pacific coast of South America. One-third of Chile is taken up by the Andes. The altiplano, a high plateau, is situated in the Andes, with the highest navigable lake in the world, Lake Titicaca. Venezuela is home to the world’s largest waterfall, Angel Falls.
Chile is the home of one of the driest places on earth, the Atacama Desert. This desert lies between the Andes Mountains and costal mountain ranges. This arid or dry, area is created by a rain shadow. When wind blows in off the ocean, the mountains act as a barrier, bringing down moisture on the ocean side, and leaving only dry air for the opposing side. One good thing about the desert is that it is rich in minerals such as copper.
Brazil is the fifth largest country in the world and larger than the 48 states of the continental United States. The Amazon Rainforest covers most of Brazil. Due to this, most of the population lives along the coastline, with 10% of the population in two cities, Rio de Janeiro and Sao Paulo.
The Amazon rainforest is rich with a large diversity of life, from animals to insects to vegetation. The many trees provide the earth with oxygen. A concern is the clearing of these trees. This is known as deforestation. The hardwoods of the trees like mahogany are in demand, and the rest are cleared for farmland and the development of cities. Burning the trees has created a large amount of carbon dioxide, potentially making the Amazon a large producer of gases that contributes to the greenhouse effect. The greenhouse effect is the increase of gases in the earth’s atmosphere that help trap heat from escaping into space. The fear is that this will cause the earth to retain heat and create global warming.
Two other famous areas in South America are the Pampas and Patagonia, both located in Argentina in southern South America. The Patagonia is a semi-arid plateau that runs to the tip of the continent. At the time Antarctic-like conditions exist. The Patagonia has been known for sheep raising, but recently the discovery of oil and its beauty has led to development of industry and tourism.
The Pampas is a flat, grassy plain. The Argentine gaucho, or cowboy, became famous in this area. This area is known for its agricultural production due to its fertile soil.
2007-10-30 19:40:44
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answer #2
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answered by Frosty 7
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