Governments arose with the increasing complexity of human society during the history of recorded civilization - the promulgation of the Code of Hammurabi and Athenian democracy, along with the Roman Republic and Roman Empire, and the formation of states in medieval Europe, are signal events from which understanding of government and politics arose. The early modern era in the West saw the rise of monarchy, revolutions, democracy, and nationalism. Ideologies such as fascism and later Communism during the Cold War in the 20th century influenced government operations. For other parts of the world, particularly the Middle East and Africa, tribal and clan-based governments interacted with religious and colonial forces.
Confucius
The Chinese philosopher Confucius(551-471 BCE) was one of the first thinkers to adopt a distinct approach to political philosophy. His philosophy was "rooted in his belief that a ruler should learn self-discipline, should govern his subjects by his own example, and should treat them with love and concern." His political beliefs were strongly linked to personal ethics and morality, believing that only a morally upright ruler who possessed "de", or virtue, should be able to exercise power, and that the behavior of an individual ought to be consistent with their rank in society. He stated that "Good government consists in the ruler being a ruler, the minister being a minister, the father being a father, and the son being a son."
Plato
The Greek philosopher Plato(428-328 BC), in his book The Republic, argued that all conventional political systems (democracy, monarchy, oligarchy and timarchy) were inherently corrupt, and that the state ought to be governed by an elite class of educated philosopher-rulers, who would be trained from birth and selected on the basis of aptitude: "those who have the greatest skill in watching over the community." This has been characterised as authoritarian and elitist by some later scholars, notably Karl Popper in his book The Open Society and its Enemies, who described Plato's schemes as essentially totalitarian and criticised his apparent advocacy of censorship. The Republic has also been labelled as communist, due to its advocacy of abolishing private property and the family among the ruling classes; however, this view has been discounted by many scholars, as there are implications in the text that this will extend only to the ruling classes, and that ordinary citizens "will have enough private property to make the regulation of wealth and poverty a concern."
Aristotle
In his book Politics, the Greek philosopher Aristotle(384–322BC) asserted that man is, by nature, a political animal. He argued that ethics and politics are closely linked, and that a truly ethical life can only be lived by someone who participates in politics.
Like Plato, Aristotle identified a number of different forms of government, and argued that each "correct" form of government may devolve into a "deviant" form of government, in which its institutions were corrupted. According to Aristotle, kingship, with one ruler, devolves into tyranny; aristocracy, with a small group of rulers, devolves into oligarchy; and polity, with collective rule by many citizens, devolves into democracy. In this sense, Aristotle does not use the word "democracy" in its modern sense, carrying positive connotations, but in its literal sense of rule by the demos, or common people. A more accurate view of Aristotle denouncing democracy was that it was described as mob rule, or ochlocracy.
I hope this helps.
Good Luck.
2007-10-30 08:40:04
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answer #1
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answered by Jake B 4
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The first being who realized that some goal would be reachable (or easier to attain) with help and persuaded another being to give that help. (I have it on good authority it was a cat who charmed some early ape-thing into scratching its back).
This proved to be quite the innovation and became wildly popular. Shortly thereafter, the thought dawned on the ape-thing that if two beings working together could achieve more than one being working alone, than perhaps three could do even better! And if manipulating one individual to do your will works well, what about manipulating a whole bunch!!!
Quick as I can twitch a whisker, the cooperative social group was born - together with politics. Methods of persuasion vary, and include using charm and personableness, trading favors, telling lies, manipulating emotions, propaganda, making threats, blackmail and brute force. Most governments are quite fond of all of these methods.
P.S. We felines thought up the originating concept but are not responsible for what you saps. did with it. So don't be blaming Bush on us.
2007-10-30 11:15:33
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answer #2
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answered by Copper Cat 4
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Politics is a concept. Democracy was thought up by the Greeks back during early 4th century BC. Go to Wikipedia and type in Democracy or Socrates to learn more
2016-04-11 03:15:07
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answer #3
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answered by ? 4
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The first known book on the subject called (surprise, surprise!) "Politics" was written by Aristotle. But the rudiments of politics predate human society. Primates have been repeatedly shown to be political animals; they are known to use both force and favors (including sexual favors) to obtain a higher status in the group.
2007-10-30 08:42:53
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answer #4
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answered by NC 7
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My logical answer is that man, a long, long time ago, came to a point where there were enough people in society that they had to appoint leaders to "guide" the others. And through the ages it has become nothing but a fiasco and he said-she said democrat's vs. republican b.s...
2007-10-30 08:35:46
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answer #5
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answered by Anonymous
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Man and human emotions.
Politics have been around since Kain and Able and the jealousy complex.
2007-10-30 08:30:50
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answer #6
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answered by witchgurl2684 3
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Aristotle - it was perfected by the Roman Catholic Church.
2007-10-30 09:46:20
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answer #7
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answered by Sprouts Mom 4
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propably some ancient Greek guy like Plato :)
2007-10-30 08:35:39
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answer #8
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answered by disarmed3 2
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NO ONE INVENTED.IT HAS EVOLVED FROM SOCEITY
2007-10-30 08:36:58
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answer #9
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answered by macmillion46 3
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Satan
2007-10-30 08:33:09
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answer #10
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answered by mr_fartson 7
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