How the employer deduct taxes in U.S.? and What different taxes are they?

Answer 1

A US employer will deduct as withholding from your pay check Social Security, Medicare, Federal Income tax and depending on the state there could be state income tax and disability insurance. If you live in a City that has local income tax that also could be withheld. Generally all of those are based on your gross income for that pay period. The amount is established by a formula provided by the government taking into account your personal factors like marital status and number of dependents.

Answer 2

They deduct social security, medicare and federal, state and local income taxes according to a formula provided by the government.