how did they clone dolly the sheep?

Question

how did they put the chromosomes into an egg? why is this a good idea?? is it better than selective breeding?? why is this a bad idea? are humans next?

Answer 1

They microscopically removed the nucleus from an unfertilized egg and replaced it with the nucleus from an adult animal, which gives the egg the same DNA as the adult and makes them genetically identical, like identical twins born at different times.

Here's an article with some of the detail. http://www.sciam.com/article.cfm?articleID=0009B07D-BD40-1C59-B882809EC588ED9F

At this point, scientists need to figure out the ethics of cloning and the effects it could have. In a way cloning humans is a good idea--there is no better organ donor for you than your test tube twin, but on the other hand, clones aren't magically created into adulthood. So if you did clone yourself and need an organ, would you have any right to it--that organ would have been living in another (cloned) human for all of that person's life. So either our society would decide that clones are less than human and allowed to be spare parts for 'real' people, or we'd decide that they are just as human as anyone and it would be up to the clone whether they want to give you kidney. I read a sci fi book where the clones were not allowed to develop their brain and grew in sleeping storage--which could be an ethical solution because the clone would never gain intellegence, self awareness, a life, etc., unless you would consider making a permanently retarded person for your own insurance evil. You see--there are a lot of ethics questions to be decided.

An advantage over selective breeding is that you know exactly how the child will turn out with cloning. If the parent of a clone has no genetic defects, it is almost guaranteed that the clone will be free from defects, and will have the positive genetic traits of the parent. With breeding, there is the chance that the two parents share a rare recessive gene for a birth defect and could pass a defect neither parent has on to the child. Also, you really wouldn't know which traits the child would have--you could make some predictions, but you can't pick one trait from the mother and one from the father. The variables of breeding are its advantage and its disadvantage--you don't know exactly how the child will turn out. With clones, every clone is genetically the same, so 'inbred' would take on new meaning--even if two clones were on opposite sides of the country, they'd be brothers. If a particular person's clone became popular, you'd have to realize that a few generations down the road or people could be marrying genetic siblings or cousins without realizing it.

In short, it's a brand new science. None of it is ready for public use. But a lot of questions need a lot of thought before we'll be ready to see what cloning can really do. I'm excited about the possiblities--while there are troubling things that could arise from cloning, I believe that people will use this technology with responsibility for the most part.

Answer 2

How To Clone A Sheep

Answer 3

Dolly (1996-07-05 – 2003-02-14), a Finn Dorsett ewe, was the first mammal to have been successfully cloned from an adult cell. She was cloned at the Roslin Institute in Scotland and lived there until her death when she was six. On 2003-04-09 her stuffed remains were placed at Edinburgh's Royal Museum, part of the National Museums of Scotland.

Dolly was publically significant because the effort showed that the genetic material from a specific adult cell, programmed to express only a distinct subset of its genes, could be reprogrammed to grow an entire new organism. Before this demonstration, there was no proof for the widely spread hypothesis that differentiated animal cells can give rise to entire new organisms.


i don't think that humans are goinng to be cloned(not in our lifetime anyway).it's not about science, we do have the intelligence, we can do it, but religion is an obstacle and also moral constiance prevents us. cloning means obtaining the same individual, no progress at all, which means it's a conflict with the laws of nature.
cloning is used in medicine, in therapy:
Therapeutic cloning refers to a procedure which produces cells, specific body parts, and organs to be utilized for medical purposes. Although this has only been realized with parts of bladders, early cleavage-stage human embryos have been cloned and this is the subject of much active research. Currently, patients subjected to transplantation are administered immunosuppressive drugs to prevent recognition of the foreign transplant by their immune system and its subsequent rejection. The ability to clonally derive tissues and organs from the patients' own cells would abolish the need for immunosuppressive drugs and would allow the patients to live a life without the potentially serious side-effects of immunosuppressive drugs. More importantly, the ability to clonally derive organs would alleviate the current shortage of transplants and would possibly reduce waiting times for transplants to become available.

Answer 4

"learn already teach that eating GMOs no longer basically motives hypersensitive reactions by utilising may additionally set off transformations in gene expression and activate diverse genes interior the physique besides!" nicely... no they do no longer. NO learn teach this and that's the reason the FDA approves of this. there is not any evidence that what you state as a actuality is extremely a actuality in any respect. there is extremely no reason eating a genetically changed something might desire to have an result on your genes. you spot the food we consume merely isn't presented into the nuclei of our cells... there is not any interplay between food as ate up and the factors delivered into the cells... the physique reduces each and every of the food eaten into elementary proteins and sugars... to that end no "apple DNA" mixes with my DNA merely because of the fact I ate an apple. those issues is amazingly elementary biology. I advise you seem into it. EDIT: i'm no longer suggesting you're making it up... i'm suggesting you do no longer are conscious of it. lower back... greater tips with regards to the lack of cloned mammals to stay long and healthful lives... my answer SO WHAT. What does that could desire to do with any risky results of eating such an animal? cattle meant for intake isn't destined for a protracted life... as long because it could stay till age a million-2 and benefit weight... it concerns little no rely if or no longer it has a lifespan of 6 quite than 12 years. And lower back... Holsteins and Angus have somewhat diverse genomes yet as quickly as I consume them they're broken down into the right comparable sugars and proteins and fat... and my cells won't be able to tell the version between them... no longer to point no longer at as quickly as regulate my genetic makeup. link me to those "government learn" and that i'll be happy to reevaluate my opinion. Yeah... I appeared throughout that website and there have been no learn different than those bearing directly to the Human Genome undertaking... otherwise basically a bunch of articles and opinion products... none of which looked as though it would entice a similar end as you. Sorry.

Answer 5

ZE REMOVED CELLS FROM AN ADULT SHEEP (TAKE IT TO BE SHEEP ONE) AND AN UNFERTILISED EGG(TAKE IT TO BE SHEEP 2)FROM WHICH ZE REMOVED ITS NUCLEUS
ZE TRANSFERRED THE NUCLEUS FROM 1 CELL OF SHEEP 1TO THE EGG CELL IN SHEEP 2
AFTER SOME DAYS AN EMBRYO WAS FORMED IN A DISH
ZE IMPLANTED THE EMBRYO INA FOSTER/FALSE MOTHER (TAKE IT FOR SHEEP3)
LATER A LAMB WAS BORN IDENTICAL TO SHEEP 1
ZAT LAMB WAS CALLED DOLLY .IT WAS THE 1st MAMMAL TO BE CLONED FROM A SINGLE ADULT CELL.IT HAS UNFORTUNATELY DIED AT AGE SIX FEBRUARY 2003