A Man's Shelf Life
As men age, their fertility decreases and the health risks to their unborn offspring skyrocket.
http://psychologytoday.com/articles/pto-20070830-000004.xml
it's very feasible that paternal age is a major predictor of autism," asserts Harry Fisch, MD.
He is one of the nation's leaders in the diagnosis and treatment of male infertility and microsurgical vasectomy reversal. Dr. Fisch is director of the Male Reproductive Center and directs urologic microsurgery in the Department of Urology at Columbia University Medical Center of New York Presbyterian Hospital in New York City. He is also professor of clinical urology at Columbia University, where he was recently named Teacher of the Year in his department.
2007-10-10
10:19:02
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6 answers
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Alex
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Science & Mathematics
➔ Biology
The greater threat to offspring is the less flagrant DNA damage that gets passed on. Experts like Muller believe that a substantial amount of the damage is caused by free radicals—the destructive, highly reactive particles produced by our body's energy factories, the mitochondria, as we metabolize oxygen. "One of the scariest things we're finding is that sperm DNA is damaged by even low levels of free radicals. Whereas high levels of damage lead to infertility, miscarriages, or spontaneous abortions, low levels chew up the DNA but the sperm can still fertilize," Muller states.
Complicating matters, sperm is incapable of repairing itself; Muller and his colleague Narendra P. Singh find that as men age, natural processes such as apoptosis—in which damaged cells naturally commit suicide to protect the body—become increasingly less efficient and less able to eliminate damaged DNA. Resulting defects may not show up until offspring are adults and it's too late to trace the cause.
2007-10-10
10:54:34 ·
update #1
"In short, the biggest genetic threat to society may not be infertility but fertile old men," says University of Wisconsin in Madison geneticist James F. Crow.
By the time females reach their teen years, their eggs have already been formed—just one new egg matures each month. Men, on the other hand, produce millions of sperm cells every time they ejaculate. After each ejaculation, they must literally replicate those cells, and each replication multiplies the chance for a DNA "copy error"—a genetic chink in the sperm DNA. The more ejaculations a man produces, the greater the chance for chinks to arise, leading to increased point mutation and thus increased infertility and birth defects. While a woman's reproductive capacity halts more or less abruptly after all her eggs have been used up somewhere in their forties or fifties, men experience a longer, more gradual winnowing and disintegration. "
2007-10-10
10:57:44 ·
update #2
Fertility docs cover this information up. It has been known since the 1950s.
Nonetheless, a virtual tidal wave of recent research has made it irrefutable: Not only does male fertility decrease decade by decade, especially after age 35, but aging sperm can be a significant and sometimes the only cause of severe health and developmental problems in offspring, including autism, schizophrenia, and cancer. The older the father, the higher the risk. But what's truly noteworthy is not that infertility increases with age—to some degree, we've known that all along—but rather that older men who can still conceive may have such damaged sperm that they put their offspring at risk for many types of disorders and disabilities.
Some sperm donors banks limit donor age to 35 and in South Africa and Israel to 30 because they know that sperm collect mutations with each division and with toxins.
Donor Standards
http://www.nwcryobank.com/donor_standards.asp
2007-10-10
11:11:20 ·
update #3