SOFT PALATE CANCER -
To diagnose soft palate cancer, the physician will first obtain a medical history from the patient. Then a Mayo Clinic otorhinolaryngologist (head and neck surgeon) or oral and maxillofacial surgeon will examine the soft palate for abnormalities and use a mirror or a small, flexible, fiber-optic instrument to see the other side of the soft palate. A tissue sample (biopsy) may be taken of any areas that appear abnormal. A pathologist will then carefully examine this sample in a laboratory.
Most soft palate cancer cases begin in the squamous cells that line the surface of the oropharynx, the region behind the last molar. As a result, when physicians diagnose the condition early, patients are often treated successfully for the disease. To determine if the cancer has spread beyond the surface of the soft palate, the physician may order the following imaging procedures:
* X-rays produce one-dimensional images of the mouth, head and chest.
* Computer tomography (CT) scans use thin X-ray beams to create images of internal organs in two-dimensional slices.
* Magnetic resonance imaging (MRI) scans use a magnetic field and radio waves to create images that can be viewed from any direction or plane to determine the extent of the cancer and whether the lymph nodes are involved.
* Ultrasound involves use of a wandlike device (transducer) to combine high-frequency sound waves and a computer processing to provide physicians with information about the shape and texture of the tumor.
* PET scans use radioactive materials to identify actively growing tissues, such as cancer in the soft palate, in lymph nodes and other organs of the body such as the lungs, liver or bones.
Generally a complete head and neck examination provides the necessary information to recommend a treatment plan for most patients with soft palate cancers.
The most common risk factors associated with cancers of the soft palate are smoking tobacco and consuming alcohol excessively. Symptoms of soft palate cancer include:
* A persistent sore in the back of the mouth that doesn't heal
* Ongoing pain in the mouth
* Difficulty chewing, swallowing or speaking
* Swelling or pain in the neck
* Severe ear pain
* Lumps in the neck
If soft palate cancers are detected at a small or early state, patients often experience successful treatment of their cancer.-
2007-10-05 00:48:52
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answer #1
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answered by Jayaraman 7
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Palate Cancer
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answer #2
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answered by ? 4
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Symptoms By Mayo Clinic staff Common warts Plantar warts Flat warts Female genital warts Male genital warts HPV infections often go undetected because they don't cause warts or other lesions. Even if you don't exhibit signs and symptoms of the infection, they may emerge later and you may transmit the virus to someone else. The signs and symptoms that do appear vary according to the type of HPV infection you may have: Genital warts. Genital warts are nonmalignant and appear as a flat lesion, a tiny cauliflower-like bump or a tiny stem-like protrusion. HPV infections of types 6 and 11 cause most genital warts. These HPV types are generally not associated with cancer. In women these warts appear most commonly on the vulva but may also occur near the anus, on the cervix or in the vagina. In men these may appear on the penis and scrotum or around the anus. Genital warts rarely cause discomfort or pain. Pre-malignant genital lesions. Certain HPV infections can cause cellular changes that result in precancerous lesions. These abnormalities are most often detected by a Pap test, a simple procedure to collect cells from the cervix or vagina for laboratory examination. Abnormalities that are determined to be "low grade" usually resolve — the cells return to normal — without treatment. HPV infections of types 6 and 11 are common causes of these low-grade abnormalities. High-grade abnormalities are less likely to resolve, and some will advance to cancer of the cervix, vagina or vulva. HPV infections of types 16 and 18 are the most common causes of high-grade abnormalities. Oral and upper respiratory lesions. Some HPV infections may cause warts and other lesions to form on your tongue, tonsils, soft palate, and larynx and in your nose. These lesions may be the result of low-risk HPV types, such as 6 and 11, or high-risk types, such as 16 and 18. Cervical cancer and other tumors. Most genital HPV infections of high-risk types don't develop into cancer; however, persistent infections — generally lasting more than two years — create a greater risk of cancer. Abnormal vaginal bleeding, such as excessively heavy menstrual bleeding or bleeding between periods, are common symptoms of cervical cancer. Virtually all cases of cervical cancer are caused by HPV infections. An estimated 11,000 women in the United States are diagnosed with cervical cancer annually, and more than 3,800 die of the disease each year. Worldwide, cervical cancer is far more common because many women lack access to Pap test screening. HPV types 16 and 18 account for about 70 percent of all cases of cervical cancer. HPV infections of type 16 and 18, as well as other high-risk types, may also contribute to cancers of the genitals, anus, mouth and upper respiratory tract. Common warts. Common warts are nonmalignant skin growths that usually appear on your hands, fingers or around fingernails. These warts appear as rough, raised bumps. They're generally nuisances because of their appearance, but they may also be painful or susceptible to injury or bleeding. Most children and adolescents have been exposed to HPVs that cause these warts, but only a small percentage actually get warts. Most people don't get common warts after age 20. Plantar warts. Plantar warts are hard, grainy, nonmalignant growths that usually appear on the heel or ball of your feet, areas that feel the most pressure. These warts may cause discomfort or pain. Although plantar warts are common in adulthood, most adults first encountered them during childhood or adolescence. Flat warts. Flat warts are flat-topped, slightly raised, nonmalignant lesions darker than your regular skin color. They usually appear on your face, neck, hands, wrists, elbows or knees. HPV infections that cause flat warts usually affect children, adolescents and young adults. When to see a doctor If you or your child has warts of any kind that cause embarrassment, discomfort or pain, seek advice from your doctor. For women, it's important to have regular Pap tests. A Pap test is the best tool to detect an HPV infection that could lead to cervical cancer. The American College of Obstetricians and Gynecologists recommends that a woman begin annual Pap tests at age 21. Most women age 30 and older may have a Pap test every three years if tests are normal for at least three consecutive years. Causes
2016-04-08 14:48:09
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answer #7
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answered by Anonymous
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