Quantum Mechanics of Hydrogen-Argon??

Question

My grade 10 science teacher assigned us to do all of the elements from hydrogen-argon... ex: hydrogen would be 1S1, and helium would be 1S2, and lithium is 1s2 2s1. (those are the ones that she gave the answers to)

I understand that the first number is the number of energy levels, the letter is for the orbital shape and the second number is the number of electrons.... but i have no idea how i am supposed to know what orbital shape is what element?

Answer 1

It has been too long since I had the class for me to give you the proper electron shells. However this article will: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Electron_shells

The section worked example is what you really need to look at. It will help you a lot. You only need to do 18 Argon and the Periodic Table will help you a lot: http://en.wikipedia.org/wiki/Table_of_elements

The original article I cited lists the configuration of elements 21 to 81 so that gives you an idea of how the more complex atoms are formed. You only need to do the first 18 so that should be a lot easier.

"Phosphorus (atomic number 15 symbol P), is as follows: 1s2 2s2 2p6 3s2 3p3….neon (atomic number 10 symbol Ne) (1s2 2s2 2p6)" That should give you a huge hint to do the ones above and below it. Remember that the key desire for atoms is to fill the outer shell with 8 electrons. Argon does have 8 electrons in its outer shell, so that makes it a noble gas and a stable one that won't react with other gases. The inner S orbital will only hold two electrons which is why Helium is a noble gas.

The periodic table will give you the number of electrons in the outer orbit because of the group number. Any atom in group 17 needs 1 electron in its outer orbit so it has 7 already. Group 13 is four lower so it needs four more electrons in its outer orbit which means it needs 5. Do this for all the elements you need and remember that the inner most orbit can only hold 2 electrons and you should have enough hints to get where you need to go.

Your teacher told you to go up to Argon because things get more complex when you enter the transition metals in the middle of the periodic table.

Answer 2

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Answer 3

you can read it off from quantum numbers or energy level diagrams.