Electrical conductance of metals decreases in group IA & in IIA from top to bottom in a group Why?

Answer 1

The outer electrons are less strongly held as you go down the group (ionisation energy falls) so that cannot be the reason. Atomic radius increases, and the atoms get further and further from each other. This makes it more difficult for elctrons to hop from atom to atom. Furthermore, the crystal structure of the elements changes as you go down the group to a less close-packed structure. Fewer close neighbours also makes it more difficult for electrons to move freely.

Answer 2

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Answer 3

The answer is in their nuclear mass. Although the heavier elements have more electrons to donate, their heaver nuclear masses hold the electrons more tightly to the atom due electrostatic attraction. Electrical conductance is based on the ease of movement for electrons, so the easier it is to move electrons from atom to the next, the better the conductance.