When electrical energy is generated in KVA why it is sold in KWH meters? why not ?KVA H meters?

Question

power factor is the loss factor by the consumers . install a 100 kva transformer and power factor is 0.5 so power utilised is only 50 KW. i.e due to consumer the power selling is losing . so why not KVA meter?

Answer 1

Most utilities would love to switch to kVA metering.

Some utilities are moving from kW to kVA metering. You are correct that utilities are installing infrastructure with kVA ratings, but are only collecting revenue based on kW. In order to reduce the loading on their equipment, utilities install thousands of capacitors to operate with a near unity power factor during peak conditions.

The Public Utility Commissions dictate electric rates that are structured to provide a rate of return based on the costs of delivering power to customers. This includes the needed capacitors, various system losses, and an assumed customer power factor.

Billing in kVA would reduce the need for utility owned capacitors as customers quickly realize they can reduce their electric bills by adding their own caps to maintain a near unity power factor.

Changing from kW to kVA will require the PUC to converting the electric rates to make things equal after the switch.

A residential customer has a peak load power factor around 0.92 lagging. Higher if they have resistance electric heat.

A connmercial office building or retail store is closer to 0.85 lagging. Industrial customers can be 0.80 or even lower.

As a side note, compact fluoresent light bulbs have a PF around 0.50 lagging

Answer 2

Fundas must be cleared before answering your question.
Energy unit is KWH, Power unit is KW
By definition KVA is only the product of ac voltsXamps divided by 1000. It indicates the maximun current(amps) that can be supplied by the Generator or a transformer. For example,a transformer can be fully loaded to its amps(KVA rating) while supllying ZERO power if the power factor is zero.
KWH is the unit of energy.(1kwh=1 unit). If a machine takes the full amps at the rated voltage(like a capacitor for example) and it's power factor is Zero then the energy dissipated is zero,but the m/c has reached its max amp rating. The enegy meter disc will not rotate even though the ammeter and voltmeter show full reading! To explain to a layman I would like to mention an anology of pushing a wall with great force for a long time while the work done(energy expended) is zero as the displacement is nil.
Ofcourse the power suppliers will not allow their transformers to go fully loaded (in amps) to lt's KVA rating while the energy bill for KWH remains low when the user pf is low. Leaving the domestic consumers, the HT consumers are billed with TWO part tarrif for a fixed KVA demand fee+ enegy cost per KWH used. A Max Demand KVA meter will record the MD and a heavy penalty/ disconnection may be awarded for exceeding the sanctioned demand.The max demand meter will record the MD only if the KVA demand stays long above a few minutes. This feature will permit the high starting current demands( less than 3 mts) of large power motors.
The LT power consumers are required (by mandatory inspection by the power supply company) to maintain a high pf in the order of 0.95 by connecting recommended KVAReactive capacitors with their inductive loads. Hence no need for a new definition for KVAH or a new concept of KVAH meters!

Answer 3

Power factor is that factor by which the apparent power(KVA) is multiplied in order to obtain the actual power(KW).It doesn´t cost the power company anything to generate this apparent excess except for power losses in the power lines and equipment.The actual losses of this type in the consumers premises are negligible so it would not be fair to charge them for this. For major consumers such as factories this is taken into consideration and they will often install capacitors or other means to correct the power factor to as near unity as possible.

Answer 4

Kva Meter

Answer 5

The generator run 7x24 and KVA is the power intensity available. To charge consumers you need to charge for intensity and time thus KWH. KVA H would be identical to KW at the consumer load.

Answer 6

JP Morgan was the money behind N. Tesla and G. Westinghouse. He INVENTED the billing, so consumers would consume more and delivery cost would be higher. You have found another problem with capitalism. We are burning things unnecessarily to homes that have 200amp service, when they only consume 50. (KVa is available, kw is used). Yes there is a trivial waste in the delivery. If you do not consume enough, they will charge more for kVa ( dolt). Things like a stadium, consume most power in short time frames. They pay more for kV a.

Answer 7

*GOOD curiocity about energy billing.





http://www.powerstudies.com/articles/SaveEnergy.pdf
http://www.powervar.com/Eng/ABCs/CalcVAWATTS.asp

It is often possible to adjust the power factor of a system to very near unity. This practice is known as power factor correction and is achieved by switching in or out banks of inductors or capacitors. For example the inductive effect of motor loads may be offset by locally connected capacitors.

Energy losses in transmission lines increase with increasing current. Where a load has a power factor lower than 1, more current is required to deliver the same amount of useful energy. Power companies therefore require that industrial and commercial customers maintain the power factors of their respective loads within specified limits or be subject to additional charges.>

Answer 8

A VA is a volt times an amp, and it's the same thing as a watt. So KVA is thousands of VA kilo Va and it is equal to the KW KiloWatt. The meter is a way to integrate the amount of power over time, hence the H at the end for hours of use.

Answer 9

So, they penalise you for the poor power factor. That is why, large factories where big motors and transformers which are inductive loads are used, capacitor banks are also installed to correct the power factor.

Answer 10

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sorry can't co-relate. 1 kWh = 1.3428 hp-hr.