what is deifference between 3-phase and 1-phase motors?

Answer 1

Single phase motors are low power, 3HP max. Three phase motors can be any size, are more efficient and have a higher starting torque.

Answer 2

3 phase motors are operated on 3 phase power supplies (or 3x 220v or 3x415v ) - up to 3x660v,3x1100v , 3x3300v, 3x6600v , 3x 11000v also available depends upon it capacity in put voltages are varies

3 phase motor has 3 set of winding wound 120' to each other it has it own high starting torque.It is available in fractional hp to >1MW Huge capacity , running voltage start from 3x220 - 3x 11kV maximum , maintenance free. Special type starter , Breakers rquired with protection. smal pumps to huge pumps & Heavy engineering ,Mostly used in Industrial application.

1 phase motor operated in 110v \AC or 220v AC

1 phase motor has 2 winding starting winding ( 90' phase shift) & Running winding with capacitor start or run split phase motors, starting torque is low , & it is available <2hp capacity only. frequent Maintenace required.Used in pumps washing m/c, fan etc.
one more single phase motor is Universal motoirs high speed high starting torque (Ex.drilling machine, Vaccum Cleaner etc.)
For starting simple 2 pole MCB or simple direct on line starter enough.Mostly used in domestic applications

I have given simple way I hope it is enough for your requirement.If u need more pm me