classification of microorganism?

Question

the classification of microorganism and their taxonomy

Answer 1

microorganisms r classified into bacteria, viruses, fungi, parasites

Answer 2

Classification of Microorganisms



Introduction



Taxonomy is the science of the classification of organisms, with the goal of showing relationships among organisms.
Taxonomy also provides a means of identifying organisms.


The Study Of Phylogenetic Relationships


Phylogeny is the evolutionary history of a group of organisms.
The taxonomic hierarchy shows evolutionary, or phylogenetic, relationships among organisms.
Bacteria were separated into the Kingdom Prokaryotae in 1968.
Living organisms were divided into five kingdoms in 1969.


The Three Domains

Living organisms are currently classified into three domains. A domain can be divided into kingdoms.
In this system, plants, animals, fungi, and protists belong to the Domain Eukarya.
Bacteria (with peptidoglycan) form a second domain.
Archaea (with unusual cell walls) are placed in the Domain Archaea.





A Phylogenetic Hierarchy


Organisms are grouped into taxa according to phylogenetic relationships (from a common ancestor).
Some of the information for eukaryotic relationships is obtained from the fossil record.
Prokaryotic relationships are determined by rRNA sequencing, although some fossils of prokaryotes exist.


Classification Of Organisms


Scientific Nomenclature


According to scientific nomenclature, each organism is assigned two names, or binomial : a genus and a specific epithet, or species.
Rules for the assignment of names to bacteria are established by the International Committee on Systematic Bacteriology.
Rules for naming fungi and algae are published in the International Code of Botanical Nomenclature.
Rules for naming protozoa are found in the International Code of Zoological Nomenclature.


The Taxonomic Hierarchy


A eukaryotic species is a group of organisms that interbreeds but does not breed with individuals of another species.
Similiar species are grouped into a genus; similiar genera are group into a family; families into an order; orders into a class; classes into a division or phylum; phyla into a kingdom; and kingdoms into domains.

Classification of Prokaryotes


Bergey's Manual of Systematic Bacteriology is the standard reference on bacterial classification.
A group of bacteria derived from a single cell is called a strain.


Classification of Eukaryotes


Eukaryotic organisms may be classified into the Kingdom Fungi, Plantae, or Animalia.
Protists are mostly unicellular organisms; these organisms are currently being assigned to kingdoms.
Fungi are absorptive chemoheterotrophs that develop from spores.
Multicellular photoautotrophs are placed in the Kingdom Plantae.
Multicellular ingestive heterotrophs are classified as Animalia.


Classification of Viruses


Viruses are not placed in a kingdom. They are not composed of cells and cannot grow without a host cell.
A viral species is a population of viruses with similar characteristics that occupies a particular ecological niche.