Muhammad, 570?–632, the name of the Prophet of Islam, one of the great figures of history, b. Mecca.
Early Life
Muhammad was the son of Abdallah ibn Abd al-Muttalib and his wife Amina, both of the Hashim clan of the dominant Kuraish (Quraysh) tribal federation. Muhammad was orphaned soon after birth, and was brought up by his uncle Abu Talib. When he was 24, he married Khadija, a wealthy widow much his senior; he had no other wife in Khadija's lifetime. Khadija's daughter Fatima was the only child of Muhammad to have issue. His position in the community was that of a wealthy merchant.
Call to Prophecy
When he was 40, Muhammad felt himself selected by God to be the Arab prophet of true religion. The Arabs, unlike other nations, had hitherto had no prophet. In the cave of Mt. Hira, N of Mecca, he had a vision in which he was commanded to preach. Thereafter throughout his life he continued to have revelations, many of which were collected and recorded in the Qur'an. His fundamental teachings were: there is one God; people must in all things submit to Him; in this world nations have been amply punished for rejecting God's prophets, and heaven and hell are waiting for the present generation; the world will come to an end with a great judgment. He included as religious duties frequent prayer and almsgiving, and he forbade usury.
Enemies and Converts
In his first years Muhammad made few converts but many enemies. His first converts were Khadija, Ali (who became the husband of Fatima), and Abu Bakr. From about 620, Mecca became actively hostile, since much of its revenues depended on its pagan shrine, the Kaaba, and an attack on the existing Arab religion was an attack on the prosperity of Mecca. While he was gaining only enemies at home, Muhammad's teaching was faring little better abroad; only at Yathrib did it make any headway, and on Yathrib depended the future of Islam. In the summer of 622 Muhammad fled from Mecca as an attempt was being prepared to murder him, and he escaped in the night from the city and made his way to Yathrib. From this event, the flight, or Hegira, of the Prophet (622), the Islamic calendar begins.
Muhammad spent the rest of his life at Yathrib, henceforth called Medina, the City of the Prophet. At Medina he built his model theocratic state and from there ruled his rapidly growing empire. Muhammad's lawgiving at Medina is at least theoretically the law of Islam, and in its evolution over the next 10 years the history of the community at Medina is seen.
Medina lies on the caravan route N of Mecca, and the Kuraishites of Mecca could not endure the thought of their outlawed relative taking vengeance on his native city by plundering their caravans. A pitched battle between Muhammad's men and the Meccans occurred at Badr, and the victory of an inferior force from the poorer city over the men of Mecca gave Islam great prestige in SW Arabia. More than a year later the battle of Uhud was fought but with less fortunate results. By this time pagan Arabia had been converted, and the Prophet's missionaries, or legates, were active in the Eastern Empire, in Persia, and in Ethiopia.
As he believed firmly in his position as last of the prophets and as successor of Jesus, Muhammad seems at first to have expected that the Jews and Christians would welcome him and accept his revelations, but he was soon disappointed. Medina had a large Jewish population which controlled most of the wealth of the city, and they steadfastly refused to give their new ruler any kind of religious allegiance. Muhammad, after a long quarrel, appropriated much of their property, and his first actual conquest was the oasis of Khaibar, occupied by the Jews, in 628. The failure of several missions among the Christians made him distrustful of Christians as well as Jews.
His renown increased, and in 629 he made a pilgrimage to Mecca without interference. There he won valuable converts, including Amr and Khalid (who had fought him at Uhud). In 630 he marched against Mecca, which fell without a fight. Arabia was won. Muhammad's private life—the fact that he had nine wives—has received a vast, and perhaps disproportionate, amount of attention. His third wife, Aishah, was able and devoted; he died in her arms June 8, 632.
Legends and Veneration
Islam has enshrouded Muhammad's life with a mass of legends and traditions (contained in the Hadith). Islamic dogma stresses his exclusively human nature, while presenting him as infallible on matters of prophecy. Muhammad is still perceived as the ultimate subject of emulation. At a popular level, Muslims throughout the world venerate Muhammad by expressing their love and devotion to him through numerous poems, folk songs, and formulaic prayers invoking God's blessings. Many believe that he will intercede for the Muslim community on the day of judgment. His deeds and sayings are collected in the sunna. He is considered by most Muslims to have been sinless. Muhammad is probably the most common given name, with variations including the W African Mamadu and the Turkic Mehmet.-
2007-07-09 01:45:48
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answer #1
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answered by Jayaraman 7
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nicely, i like to think of of it as purely an extremely deep sleep we by no ability awaken from. the considered the absence of understanding could look frightening, however the actuality of the topic is that something could be insufferable. purely think of approximately religions with an afterlife - particular, the 1st million years could be exciting, yet what concerning the subsequent trillion? What concerning the quintillion after that? Eternity is a protracted time. Any rational individual could faster or later circulate insane. I do each and every so often entertain the belief of ghosts, inspite of the incontrovertible fact that i'm no longer surely confident that they are genuine, or perhaps what objective they could serve, if any.
2016-10-01 05:06:56
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answer #2
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answered by ? 4
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I think you'd be better off looking this up in something like Wikipedia - on here you will get opinions that may confuse the facts.
EDIT:
Well, pardon me for having go!!! I'll just go boil my head shall I?
FYI I didn't say to look AT Wikipedia, I said something LIKE Wikipedia; there are lots of fantastic references out there. People have opinions - that's a fact - and those opinions are skewed to their own beliefs, or based on 'things they've heard'. Reference books and other sources are usually moderated in some way so that it's a 'complete' picture.
Are you after information or just someone to confirm your own skewed views?
2007-07-09 01:37:40
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answer #3
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answered by Anonymous
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Level5copier has explained about Mohammad in detail.
However I would like to share with you the comments of historians and critics about prophet Mohammad.
"As a matter of fact, Mohammad reverenced knowledge. His own words are eloquent testimony to that.Here are some of his sayings :
* Seek knowledge, even if need be,on the borders of China,
* One word of knowledge is of more value than the reciting of hundred prayers,
* The ink of sages is more precious than the BLOOD OF MARTYRS,
* One word of wisdom learned and communicated to a muslim brother, outweighs the prayers of a whole year,
* Wise men are successors of the prophet,
* God has created nothing better than reason. "--
The New World of Islam, by LOTHROP STODDARD,A.M, PhD[HARV],Chapman And Hall Ltd-1922, London, pg-28]
" He [Muhammad] did not engage in vain metaphysics but applied himself to improving the social condition of his people by regulation respecting personal cleanliness, sobriety, fasting, prayer. Above all other works, he works, he esteemed almsgiving and charity with liberalty to which the world had of late become a stranger, he admitted the salvation of men of any form of faith provided they were virtuous."--[History of the Intellectual Developement of Europe, by Dr. William DRAPER, VOL.I]
"The muslims could perform that unparalleled feat of the theological rascocination because, "...the monotheism of Mohammad was the most absolute and comparatively the freest from mythical adulterations."--[The History of Materealism by F.A.Lange, vol-I, pg-184]
" If any religion had the chance of rulling over England, nay Europe within thenext hundreds years, IT COULD BE ISLAM............I have always held the religion of Muhammad in high estimation because of its wonderful vitality.It is the only religion which appears to me to possess that assimilating capacity to the changing phase of existence which can make itself APPEAL TO EVERY AGE. I have studied him, the wonderful man and in my openion FAR FROM BEING AN ANTI-CHRIST, he must be called the SAVIOR OF HUMANITY."--[The Genuine Islam by Sir George Bernard Shaw, Vol-I,no-8-1036]
MY CHOICE OF MUHAMMAD TO LEAD THE LIST
OF THE WORLD'S MOST INFLUENTIAL PERSONS
MAY SURPRISE SOME READERS AND MAY BE
QUESTIONED BY OTHERS, BUT HE WAS THE ONLY
MAN IN HISTORY WHO WAS SUPREMELY
SUCCESSFUL ON BOTH THE RELIGIOUS AND
SECULAR LEVEL." Michael H. Hart
"The 100: A Ranking of the Most Influential Persons in
History", New York: Hart Publishing Company, Inc., 1978, p.33
It is amazing that Mohammad's coming has been foretold almost in all religious scriptures like Bible,Torah and even in GREAT VEDAS......
" Inda jana up shrut narashans ratvishyate !!
Shashthi sehstra navanti cha coram aa rushmeshu !
Dehmhi !! ushtra yasya pravahini vadhumanto !!
Dwardash ! vershma rathasyani jihindate diw irshmana !!
Upsparsha: !! ev RISHYE MAMAHE shanta nishkan !!
Dash sraja: troni shatanyavatan sehstra dash gonam !! "
-- [Ahtharva Veda, Kanda-20,sukta-127, mantras 1-3 ]
" O people, listen this emphatically ! The man of praise
[Mohammad] will be raised among the people. We take the emigrant in our shelter from sixty thousand and ninety enimies- whose conveyances are twenty camels and she-camels, whose loftiness of position touches
the heaven and lowers it. He gave to " MAMAHE RISHI " hundreds of gold coins, ten circles, three hundred Arab horses and ten thousand cows. "
2007-07-09 05:47:30
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answer #4
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answered by ♪¢αpη' ε∂ïß♪ ♥♥♥♥♥♥♥♥ 6
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Try this Muhammad A to Z:
http://www.islamtomorrow.com/muhammad/
2007-07-09 02:08:57
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answer #5
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answered by By Any Means Necessary 5
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Allahu akbar la illa il Allah
asad vanna Mohamad Rasul allah --If any mistake, pl forgive.
God is great, None except Allah
Prophet Mohmad is His representative---by a Hindu
2007-07-09 05:48:53
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answer #6
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answered by Muthu S 7
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Do come in the french side , it's full of islamist , they will explain to you !
Happy day
2007-07-09 03:21:33
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answer #7
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answered by Anonymous
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I DONT NO BUT I WILL FIND IT LATERWARDS
2007-07-09 01:43:01
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answer #8
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answered by Anonymous
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