How does food poisoning (botulism) happen? How does Tetanus happen?

Answer 1

Bacterial infections. Specifically from the Clostridium genus. Clostridium bacilli are well-known for secreting exotoxins (byproducts that are harmful to people and animals).

In the case of botulism, C. botulinum is an anaerobic bacillus produces a paralytic toxin. It forms spores that let it persist in the environment (on dust particles). Then those spores get ingested by a person and they start to grow. When that happens, the bacteria start churning out the toxin, which then acts on local nerves, thus paralysis.

Likewise, C. tetani is another spore-forming bacillus that lives in feces-contaminated dust. Instead of ingestion with food, C. tetani usually gets in through wound infections (like when you step on a rusty nail). Then it, too, grows and makes toxins. These toxins act on nerves (also similar to C. botulinum), causing some muscles to clench and spasm.

Answer 2

Botulism is a rare but serious food poisoning caused by a toxin produced by the bacteria, Clostridium botulinum.
Food-borne botulism is caused by eating a food containing the toxin. It often involves improperly processed home-canned foods. Botulism in infants under one year of age has been associated with eating of contaminated honey.

Tetanus is caused by a type of bacteria called Clostridium tetani that usually live in soil. The bacteria produce a toxin (a chemical or poison that harms the body). This toxin attaches to nerves around a wound area and is carried inside the nerves to the brain or spinal cord. There it interferes with the normal activity of nerves, especially the motor nerves that send direct messages to our muscles. Tetanus is not contagious - you can't catch it from someone who has it.

Answer 3

Botulism is usually trying to preserve something in garlic

The rate is one person per year per state

Answer 4

tetanus (tet·a·nus) (tet´ə-nəs) [Gr. tetanos, from teinein to stretch] 1. an acute, often fatal infectious disease caused by the bacillus Clostridium tetani, which produces the neurotoxin tetanospasmin; it usually enters the body through a contaminated puncture wound (such as from a metal nail, wood splinter, or insect bite), although other portals of entry include burns, surgical wounds, cutaneous ulcers, injection sites of drug abusers, the umbilical stump of neonates (t. neonatorum), and the postpartum uterus. Generalized tetanus is characterized by tetanic muscular contractions and hyperreflexia, resulting in trismus (lockjaw), glottal spasm, generalized muscle spasm, opisthotonos, respiratory spasm, seizures, and paralysis. Localized tetanus may be mild, with localized muscular twitching and spasm of muscle groups near the site of injury, or it may progress to the generalized form. 2. a state of sustained muscular contraction without periods of relaxation caused by repetitive stimulation of the motor nerve trunk at frequencies so high that individual muscle twitches are fused and cannot be distinguished from one another; called also physiological t., tetanic or tonic contraction and tetanic or tonic spasm.

cephalic t. , cerebral t. a rare form of infectious tetanus with an extremely poor prognosis that may occur after an injury to the head or face or in association with otitis media in which Clostridium tetani is a constituent of the flora of the middle ear; it is characterized by isolated or combined dysfunction of the cranial nerves, especially the seventh cranial, and may remain localized or progress to generalized tetanus. Called also cephalotetanus.

cryptogenic t. tetanus which occurs without any wound or other ascertainable cause.

neonatal t. , t. neonato´rum a severe form of infectious tetanus occurring during the first few days of life caused by such factors as unhygienic practice in dressing the umbilical stump or in circumcising male infants and the lack of maternal immunization.