Is it illegal for a judge without a law degree to take on cases that involve jail time? Such as misdemeanor's

Answer 1

If it is legal to hold the office without a degree, it is legal to perform all the duties of the office. Did you know the Constitutional requirements to serve on the Supreme Court do not include ANY education? The only requirement is appointment by the President and confirmation by the Senate. Neither is likely without a law degree and significant experience, but none is technically required.

Answer 2

No, most circuit judges are elected and are allowed by the electorate to preside over punitive cases. Not every place is able to produce someone with a law degree and those places need judges as well.