The Hollywood blacklist—more properly the entertainment industry blacklist, into which it expanded—was the mid-twentieth-century list of screenwriters, actors, directors, musicians, and other U.S. entertainment professionals who were denied employment in the field because of their political beliefs or associations, real or suspected. Artists were barred from work on the basis of their alleged membership in or sympathy toward the American Communist Party, involvement in liberal or simply humanitarian political causes that enforcers of the blacklist associated with communism, and/or refusal to assist federal investigations into Communist Party activities; some were blacklisted merely because their names came up at the wrong place and time. Even during the period of its strictest enforcement, the late 1940s through the late 1950s, the blacklist was rarely made explicit and verifiable, but it caused direct damage to the careers of scores of American artists, often made betrayal of friendship (not to mention principle) the price for a livelihood, and promoted ideological censorship across the entire industry.
The first systematic Hollywood blacklist was instituted on November 25, 1947, the day after ten writers and directors were cited for contempt of Congress for refusing to give testimony to the House Committee on Un-American Activities. A group of studio executives, acting under the aegis of the Motion Picture Association of America, announced the firing of the artists—the so-called Hollywood Ten—in what has become known as the Waldorf Statement. On June 22, 1950, a pamphlet called Red Channels appeared, naming 151 entertainment industry professionals in the context of "Red Fascists and their sympathizers"; soon most of those named, along with a host of other artists, were barred from employment in much of the entertainment field. The blacklist was effectively broken in 1960 when Dalton Trumbo, an unrepentant member of the Hollywood Ten, was publicly acknowledged as the screenwriter of the films Spartacus and Exodus. A number of those blacklisted, however, were still barred from work in their professions for years afterward.
2007-05-10 07:30:21
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answer #1
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answered by sugar_pink_candy 5
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One interesting thing about Hollywood in the '50s is that it was in a period of transition. Television had just arrived on the scene, and had begun to replace the movies as the main source of entertainment for the masses. Since TV was free, it eliminated the audience for many traditional movie genres, such as Westerns and family comedies. Those could now be found on TV, so people were less likely to pay to see the same thing in the movies. Hollywood began to panic, fearing that TV would kill the movies. So they began to try to offer things that TV couldn't offer. One was expensive productions, spectacular films with casts of thousands. Another was special effects and 3-D movies. But as the decade wore on, the movies also discovered two other things that TV couldn't offer: sex and violence. By the sixties, these two elements began working their way into mainstream Hollywood productions, resulting in the eventual breakdown of the old Hayes code of censorship.
2007-05-11 20:01:36
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answer #2
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answered by george 7
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Yes. The movies were a thousand times better than the ones made today. That is why Hollywood is wasting so much time and money remaking the great movies of the past.
2007-05-10 07:11:33
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answer #3
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answered by zoomddy2 3
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I can't top what zoom said that is it.
as far as how people acted there was not as much time put into the legal aspect of film making,contracts,deals
and worries of piracy. a hand shake was good enough on most films and they would tell a story within the film.
Have you ever seen a film where they had to explain it to you why the film is going on...doom comes to mind.
we got better special effects but gave up some of the story line.
2007-05-10 07:16:27
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answer #4
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answered by Rickdark1 6
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good lord the movies back them TOOK REAL talent to act and direct.
todays movies are a waste for the most part and to much special effects/
wanna see a great 50's film, watch sweet smell of success and many others!
2007-05-10 07:41:57
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answer #5
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answered by ? 3
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i like Audrey Katharine and Elizabeth Marilyn. Taylor- Elizabeth Taylor Grace- Grace Kelly Kelly- Grace Kelly Bette- Bette Davis Natalie- Natalie timber Marie- Eva Marie Saint Thelma- Thelma Ritter Lana- Lana Turner Eva- Eva Marie Saint Louise- Louise Brooks Marion- Marion Davies Lillian- Lillian Gish Fay- Fay Wray Vivien- Vivien Leigh Rita- Rita Hayworth Ginger- Ginger Rogers Virginia- Virginia Bruce Ruth- Ruth Chatterton Miriam- Miriam Hopkins Madge- Madge Evans Constance- Constance Bennett Eleanor- Eleanor Powell Evalyn- Evalyn Knapp Joan- Joan Bennett Jeanette- Jeanette MacDonald Alice- Alice White Mae- Mae West Margaret- Margaret Lindsay Veronica- Veronica Lake Olivia- Olivia de Havilland Ella- Ella Raines Ava- Ava Gardner Sophia- Sophia Lauren Anita- Anita website Elaine- Elaine Stewart Jayne- Jayne Mansfield Lauren- Lauren Bacall Ingrid- Ingrid Bergman Deborah- Deborah Kerr Anne- Anne Baxter Celeste- Celeste Holm Josephine- Josephine Hull Julie- Julie Harris Gloria- Gloria Grahame Colette- Colette Marchand Susan- Susan Hayward Geraldine- Geraldine website Marjorie- Marjorie Rambeau Doris- Doris Day Claire- Claire Trevor Jan- Jan Sterling wish- wish Lange Diane- Diane Varsi Rosalind- Rosalind Russell Wendy- Wendy Hiller Maureen- Maureen Stapleton Simone- Simone Signoret Lotte- Lotte Lenya Lilia- Lilia Skala Estelle- Estelle Parsons Taylor, Grace, Bette, Kelly, Natalie, Marie, Louise, Marion, Lillian, Fay, Vivien, Ginger, Ruth, Miriam, Madge, Constance, Eleanor, Evalyn, Joan, Jeanette, Alice, Mae, Margaret, Audrey, Katharine, Elizabeth, Marilyn, Elaine, Jayne, Lauren, Ingrid, Anne, Celeste, Josephine, Julie, Colette, Susan, Geraldine, Marjorie, Doris, Claire, Jan, wish, Diane, Wendy, Rosalind, Maureen, Simone, Lotte, Estelle Simone Elizabeth Garcia Rosalind Jeanette Garcia Marjorie Colette Garcia Ingrid Katharine Garcia Celeste Vivien Garcia/ Celeste Elizabeth Garcia Miriam Rosalind Garcia Alice Rosalind Garcia Natalie Doris Garcia Vivien Fay Garcia Vivien Mae Garcia Vivien Colette Garcia Vivien Jeanette Garcia Simone Claire Garcia Marjorie Claire Garcia Vivien Claire Garcia Rosalind Claire Garcia Audrey Simone Garcia Audrey Claire Garcia Marjorie Estelle Garcia Vivien Estelle Garcia Rosalind Estelle Garcia
2016-10-15 07:19:51
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answer #6
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answered by Anonymous
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