What were the effects of the crusades on the Jews?

Answer 1

Events
In the First Crusade (1096) flourishing communities on the Rhine and the Danube were utterly destroyed by some crusaders (see German Crusade, 1096).

In the Second Crusade (1147) the Jews in France suffered especially. Philip Augustus treated them with exceptional severity during the Third Crusade (1188). The Jews were also subjected to attacks by the Shepherds' Crusades of 1251 and 1320.

The atrocities were opposed by the local bishops and widely condemned at the time as a violation of the Crusades' aim, which was not directed against the Jews.

However, the perpetrators mostly escaped legal punishment. Also, the social position of the Jews in western Europe was distinctly worsened, and legal restrictions increased during and after the Crusades. They prepared the way for anti-Jewish legislation of Pope Innocent III. The crusades resulted in centuries of strong feelings of ill will on both sides and hence constitute a turning point in the relationship between Jews and Christians.


Defending in the Land of Israel
Jews fought side-by-side with Muslim soldiers to defend Jerusalem against the Crusaders.[1]

When the city later fell, the Jews were burnt inside of their synagogue while the Crusaders "[circled] the screaming, flame-tortured humanity singing 'Christ We Adore Thee!' with their Crusader crosses held high."[2] The event of the Jewish massacre comes from various muslim records written decades after 1099.

The chronicle of al-Azimi briefly states the Crusaders "turned to Jerusalem and conquered it from the hands of the Egyptians. Godfrey took it. They burned the Church of the Jews (Kanisat al-Yahud)."[3] One book comments the "'church' was presumably the principal Jewish synagogue."[3] The chronicle of Ibn al-Qalanisi adds a few more details to the event, "The Franks stormed the town and gained possession of it ... The Jews assembled in their synagogue, and the Franks burned it over their heads."[3][4]

On the April 22, 2002 episode of Uncommon Knowledge, Saint Louis University Professor Thomas Madden, author of A Concise History of the Crusades, stated “this was not a situation in which the Crusaders would have rounded up all the Jews and put them in the synagogue and said now we're burning it down because you are Jews in a synagogue. Rather, the Jews who were the Jewish defenders, and there weren't that many, but those Jewish defenders of the city in 1099, knew the rules of the game. They knew that their lives were forfeit now, and so they wanted to go to their synagogue and were allowed to go to their synagogue...to prepare for death."[5] Robert Payne asserts "The massacre at Jerusalem was carried out deliberately; it was the result of settled policy. Jerusalem was to become a Christian city ... The Crusaders hungry for simple solutions, burned down the synagogue with the Jews inside."[6]

The Jews almost single-handedly defended Haifa against the Crusaders, holding out in the besieged town for a whole month (June-July 1099) in fierce battles. At this time, a full thousand years after the fall of the Jewish state, there were Jewish communities all over the country. Fifty of them are known and include Jerusalem, Tiberias, Ramleh, Ashkelon, Caesarea, and Gaza. [7][8]

Early Ashkenaz argues that the Jews pulled away from the Christians community physically, mentally, and spiritually due to the sheer ferocity and shocking nature of the Crusades.

All of these and more provide differing opinions on the results of the Crusades, but all agree that the Crusades caused a separation to occur between the two religions.
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The Crusades
The Crusades were a series of military campaigns sanctioned by the papacy that took place from the end of the 11th century until the 13th century. They began as endeavors to recapture Jerusalem from the Muslims but developed into territorial wars.

The mobs accompanying the first three Crusades, and particularly the People's Crusade accompanying the first Crusade, attacked the Jewish communities in Germany, France, and England, and put many Jews to death. Entire communities, like those of Treves, Speyer, Worms, Mayence, and Cologne, were slain by a mob army. About 12,000 Jews are said to have perished in the Rhineland cities alone between May and July, 1096.

Before the Crusades the Jews had practically a monopoly of trade in Eastern products, but the closer connection between Europe and the East brought about by the Crusades raised up a class of merchant traders among the Christians, and from this time onward restrictions on the sale of goods by Jews became frequent.[citation needed]

The religious zeal fomented by the Crusades at times burned as fiercely against the Jews as against the Muslims, though attempts were made by bishops during the first Crusade and the papacy during the second Crusade to stop Jews from being attacked. Both economically and socially the Crusades were disastrous for European Jews.

They prepared the way for the anti-Jewish legislation of Pope Innocent III, and formed the turning point in the medieval history of the Jews.

In the County of Toulouse (now part of southern France) the Jews were received on good terms until the Albigensian Crusade. Toleration and favour shown to the Jews was one of the main complaints of the Roman Church against the Counts of Toulouse.

Following the Crusaders' successful wars against Raymond VI and Raymond VII, the counts were required to discriminate against Jews like other Christian rulers. In 1209, stripped to the waist and barefoot, Raymond VI was obliged to swear that he would no longer allow Jews to hold public office. In 1229 his son Raymond VII, underwent a similar ceremony where he was obliged to prohibit the public employment of Jews, this time at Notre Dame in Paris.

Explicit provisions on the subject were included in the Treaty of Meaux (1229). By the next generation a new, zealously Catholic, ruler was arresting and imprisoning Jews for no crime, raiding their houses, seizing their cash, and removing their religious books. They were then released only if they paid a new "tax". A historian has argued that organised and official persecution of the Jews became a normal feature of life in southern France only after the Albigensian Crusade because it was only then that the Church became powerful enough to insist that measures of discrimination be applied.[12][13]

And...the rest is HISTORY!

Answer 2

Such sources to figure out are easily available in any library, especially a university library. Just look for a translation of the original sources. There is just too much politics in this issue to find out by posting on a board like this, most people themselves do not know.

Speaking as a history student who has only lightly brushed over this era (I'm focused on a later time period, tho after next semester i will certainly be able to answer such a question better...), i can recall that the Jews got it from both sides: under Islamic rule, they were "dhimmis" (second-class citizens who were taxed while Moslems were not) who were routinely abused. Meanwhile, i recall some incidents of the First Crusade, where one group of the disorganised Christian army went on a rampage in Europe, off-track from the Holy Lands, killing a lot of Jews. Also, when Jerusalem was taken, the synogague of the Jews was burned down and many were killed.

But the Crusades were called against Moslems, not Jews. Jews were just in the middle of it, i'm afraid.

Answer 3

Christians killed them where they found them ( just like European Christians killed Jews by the million in the 1940's) . Many left Europe for the safety of Islamic countries, while being chased by Christians. Records exist that tell us Christians would burn Jews by the 100 when visiting dignitaries arrived in villages.

Answer 4

Christian crusaders use to love attacking the Jews too, just as they did attack Muslims.

Answer 5

The massacre of 1/3 of the European Jewish population.

The slaughter of the Jews of Jerusalem and many other cities in Judea.

The result afterwords was that Jewish scholarship shifted for several hundred years to Spain and North Africa

As well as a drive for European Jews to immigrate from west Europe to eastern Europe

It also created a plethora of Jewish literature on the subject.

Answer 6

Jews were persecuted and killed. A situation quite common with Christianity.

Answer 7

answer: It did not help. to boot to rampant antisemitism - listed the following are some specifics 1096 the first marketing campaign. 3 hosts of crusaders go by a number of helpful eu cities. The 0.33, unofficial host, led through count number Emicho, makes a decision to attack the Jewish communities, maximum truly contained in the Rhineland, less than the slogan: "Why strive against Christ's enemies overseas even as they are residing between us?" Eimicho's host attacks the synagogue at Speyer and kills all the defenders. yet another a million,2 hundred Jews commit suicide in Mainz to flee his attempt to forcibly convert them; see German marketing campaign, 1096. tries through the community bishops remained fruitless. All in all, 5,000 Jews were murdered. 1143 150 Jews were killed in Ham, France. 1190 March 16 500 Jews of York were massacred after a six day siege through departing Crusaders, subsidized through dissimilar human beings indebted to Jewish money-lenders. 1215 The Fourth Lateran Council headed through Pope possibility free III announces: "Jews and Saracens of both sexes in each Christian province and in any respect circumstances will be marked off contained in the eyes of the time-honored public from different peoples by the nature of their gown." (Canon sixty 8). See Judenhut. The Fourth Lateran Council also stated that the Jews' personal regulation required the wearing of figuring out symbols. Pope possibility free III also reiterated papal injunctions hostile to forcible conversions, and added: "No Christian shall do the Jews any personal damage...or deprive them of their possessions...or disturb them in the course of the celebration of their fairs...or extort money from them through threatening to exhume their useless." 1236 Crusaders attack Jewish communities of Anjou and Poitou and attempt to baptize all the Jews. those who resisted (est. 3,000) were slaughtered. 1275 King Edward I of england passes the Statute of the Jewry forcing Jews over the age of seven to positioned on an figuring out yellow badge, and making usury unlawful, in order to snatch their resources. ratings of English Jews are arrested, three hundred hanged and their resources is going to the Crown. In 1280 he orders Jews to be cutting-edge as Dominicans pontificate conversion. In 1287 he arrests heads of Jewish households and demands their communities pay ransom of 12,000 pounds. 1320 Shepherds' marketing campaign attacks the Jews of 100 and twenty localities in southwest France.

Answer 8

I do not know.