How do you file for a exemption from filing a Currency Transaction Report.?

Answer 1

There are no exemptions from those, at least not for the ordinary citizen.

Banks can exempt certain business customers who frequently have large cash transactions that would be otherwise reportable but are of no interest to crimminal investigators.

See here for further information: http://www.fincen.gov/ex2final.html

Answer 2

Are you asking this as an individual or a business?

Individuals don't pay taxes on currency transactions usually because the transaction fees exceed any gain.

Companies who do business in foreign countries have consolidation rules. They are required to report first by:

foreign currency per foreign accounting rules
then
adjust to domestic accounting rules
then
translate to domestic currency

The result of the translation is usually a "holding" gain or loss because of changes in currency value over time, but the gain or loss is held in "other comprehensive income" as a company equity, not as income for tax purposes.