How can a micro controller be used to control the speed of a DC motor ?

Question

Using appropriate terminology.
A diagram/sketch would also be helpful.

Answer 1

You could use the analog input and analog output of the micro controller to make a control loop for speed. If the chip does not have those as part of its internal components you would need to add external chips and interface them to the micro controller's ports.

Now after you have analog input you would need to get a speed sensor for that input. That could be a sensor on the driven parts or on the motor shaft that provides a signal proportional to the motor's speed or could be a pressure or level sensor that provides a signal proportional to the controlled variable the motor needs to change. .

You would also need an analog output that can be set to pick the fraction of full speed that you want. It could be wired into the speed-reference input of a commercial VFD speed controller to control the motor speed. If you are doing this bare-bones you could instead use a digital output that can have its on/off cycle changed depending on how much of the full speed is needed.

In between these micro controller outputs and the motor controls you would need components like buffers or power transistors or solid state relays that can take the few milliamp outputs of the micro controller and convert them to the heavier signals needed to control the motor.

A few interlocks and safety shutdowns wired into a starter box and into overload or heat sensors should go into digital inputs of the micro to complete the control package.

Answer 2

a widespread microcontroller does no longer have an answer to generate an analog output voltage. you've gotten to operate a digital to analog (DAC) chip in case you want tochronic the automobiles with analog voltages. PWM, subsequently, is the more inexpensive way. The sq. pulses' responsibility cycle controls the voltage. Optionally you are able to gentle the sq. pulses to soften thechronic through creating use of RC low bypass filters. you'll in all possibility want to insert opamps as buffer drivers because the fan out of the microcontroller PWM channels is about basically few mA. For the wheels, DC automobiles (both brush or commutator form) are sufficient. Stepper and servo are overkilled. maximum microcontrollers have analog to digital (ADC) channels. those ADC channels require a reference voltage which defines the finished-scale fee, regularly 255 (8 bit) or 1023 (10 bit), of the analog voltage measurements. some microcontroller fashions provide the ADC reference voltage internally, others require the reference voltage to be presented externally.

Answer 3

Most microcontrollers have an integrated PWM output. Read your specific mc's documentation for instructions on how to use it.

Answer 4

PWM, like Kenneth said