what are the results of the crusade?

Question

crusade 1-8

Answer 1

The Crusades were a series of several military campaigns that took place during the 11th through 13th centuries. They were generally, but not always, from Catholic Europe against Muslim Saracens in the Middle East.

Crusade or crusader may also refer to:

In military history and religion:

Northern Crusades, the Catholic Western European military expeditions along the shores of the Baltic Sea to convert pagans and Orthodox Christians


In English, any type of campaign that is conducted with an emphasis on zeal and persistence; see also Muslim "jihad"
Crusader states, the states set up by the Europeans in the Middle East during The Crusades
Tenth Crusade, a name applied to the "War on Terror"
The New Crusade, a book on U.S. policy post-9/11
XM2001 Crusader, an American self propelled artillery project
Crusader tank, a British cruiser tank of World War II
Operation Crusader, a British attack in North African campaign in World War II
F-8 Crusader, a U.S. Navy fighter jet
F8U-3 Crusader III, an experimental fighter intended to replace the F-8 and compete with the F-4 Phantom II
VMFA-122 Crusaders, a United States Marine Corps fixed wing fighter-attack squadron 122
Crusaders Christian Youth Movement, youth group founded by a missionary Albert Kestin
Campus Crusade for Christ, an interdenominational Christian mission organization.
A revival meeting, among certain evangelists (notable among these are Billy Graham and Benny Hinn)

There are crusades in other fields as well so be unambiguous and tell which crusades you are talking about ?

And what are they doing in the Botany Section ?

Answer 2

Muslim Spain's impact on the field of agriculture and gardening.
The rulers of Spain developed agriculture to the extent that it became a perfected art. They turned hundreds of thousands of square miles of barren and deserted land in Spain into magnificent gardens of fruits, trees, and greenery. Spain and the entire European continent came to know of rice, cotton, saffron, pomegranate, and peach through these gardens. They also produced unique olives and dates in Andalusia. Europe was introduced to several sophisticated and unknown gardening and farming techniques through the written accounts and experiences of Arab farmers, which later served to develop the science of Botany in Europe.

al-janna, "The Garden" The Quran says:
"Surely the God-fearing shall be among gardens and fountains."
The mediaeval world, with its knot gardens and walks derived much of its inspiration form the East, most especially form the relatively brief period of the Crusader Kingdom of Jerusalem which brought them within the influence of Damascus, famous for its gardens. It is to this period that we owe the introduction of the rose into European gardens. Rosa damascena, rosa foetida, and rosa sinensis were among those imported by garden enthusiasts among the Crusaders.
Oriental influences came from no single source but here are certain consistencies in concept and design, in the treatment of water and shade, in a rigid framework overlaid with unrestrained organic growth, in enclosure and prospect, in movement and stillness. Arab gardens, for example, had clear and quite explicit links to poetry. One of the earliest Hispano-Arab poets, Ibn Khafaja, was known as Al Jinnoon or The Gardener. For the Arab the desert is the dwelling place of evil spirits, the garden its antithesis, a recreation on earth of Paradise, a place of joy where the dead might rest in peace. It is hardly surprising therefore that the Arabic word for 'garden' should be the diminutive of the word for 'Paradise'. The order that reigns in these gardens is God's not man's. So the garden in the monks cloister also came to be the sheltered center of reflection.