Is there any Muslim countries in the Middle East whose boundries weren't created by Europeans?

Question

Layla took up an awful lot of space with most of it moot as far as the question is concerned. Neither will this question go to a vote so there can be block voting.

Answer 1

Excellant Point: I can"t think of one.

Answer 2

Muslim countries have had the misfortune of backing the wrong side in wars throughout modern history. Stalin, Hitler, The Kaiser, etc.

Answer 3

If Muslims hadn't started the Caliphate through war on peaceful nations, there would not have been any necessity for wars at all! Europeans are the brave ones who fought these barbarians and defeated them!

http://www.islam-watch.org/

Answer 4

Ya i think they all were...hmmm and Africa was created by brits too!

Answer 5

can't think of any i think all were created by euros

Answer 6

no they were all set borders by the end of WWI.

prior to this time the majority of the land was owned by the Ottoman empire. Then:

Treaties
-Treaties indicative of Ottoman Retreat
-political decline and physical contraction
-1699-1839 physical contraction of Ottoman Empire gradual
-after 1839 faster
1699 Treaty of Karlowitz
-Hungary and Belgrade given to Austria
-Sultan promised to give Christian subjects consideration and protection
-Poland received back parts of the Ukraine
-underlined weakness of military
-encouraged rebels in 1703 to depose of Mustafa II
-during peace conference Europeans worked through interpreter Alexander Mavrocordatos
-left with the impression that he was chief in delegation
-important role signified a transformation in civil service
-for a century the great majority of Ottoman officials had been Turkish- speaking Muslims
-not well educated in the palace schools
-less secular than in previous generations
-became dependent on Greek Christians for interpreters and counselors
1718 Treaty of Passarowitz (brokered by England)
-ceded to Austria all the conquered territory in Serbia
-Turks compensated by recovery of territory lost to Venice
1739 Treaty of Belgrade
-returned that city to Ottomans
-Russia Gained little
-accelerated Ottoman weakness
1774 Treaty of Kuckuk- Kainarji (with Russia)
-Ottomans regained possession of Moldivia, Wallachia and Algean Islands
-Russia gets political influence in Crimea (under Catherine the Great)
-Russians already have Ukraine Province
-Russians have power to intervene in Ottoman Empires internal affairs in case of violation of rights of Eastern Orthodox members in the Ottoman Empire
-co-religious clause
-church moved from Constantople to Moscow
-Russia seen as "father" of Easter Orthodox Church
-due to the decline of the Ottoman Empire
Black sea was opened to Russian shipping
-long term goal to gain access to the Mediterranean Sea through Istanbul
-Bosporus Canal to black seas
-could use clause as excuse to get access to Istanbul
-later gave same clause to French for Roman Catholics
-navigation on the Danube was freed
-Russian ambassador was excepted in Istanbul
May 16, 1916 secret agreement
-Sykes Picot Treaty
-England and France to divide mid East
England- Haifa and Acre on the Mediterranean, Part of Iraq from Baghdad to the Persian Gulf, and Kirkuk to Aqaba

France- Northern coastal strip of Syria, Southeastern Anatolia, and Into the Iran frontier

Russia- Straits area and Most of Anatolia

International administration -due to being a holy place- Palestine west to Jordan

-Aided by the Arabs, the British captured Palestine from the Ottomans in 1917 and 1918.
-Arabs revolted against the Ottomans because the British had promised independence of their countries after the war
-
-1917 Balfor declaration
His Majesty’s Government view with favour the establishment in Palestine of a national home for the Jewish people and will use their best endeavors to facilitate the achievement of this object, it being clearly understood that nothing shall be done which may prejudice the civil and religious rights of existing non-Jewish communities in Palestine or the rights and political status enjoyed by Jews in any other country
-recognized right to establish homeland
-did not say anything about the homeland being self governing
-League of Nations indorses British mandate of Palestine by 1922
-Protectorate of England
- January 8, 1918 president Woodrow Wilson made a speech to the US congress
-specified American peace conditions known as the Fourteen Points
- (1) abolition of secret diplomacy by open covenants, openly arrived at
- (2) freedom of the seas in peace and war, except as the seas may be closed in whole or part by international action for enforcement of international covenants
- 3) removal of international trade barriers wherever possible and establishment of an equality of trade conditions among the nations consenting to the peace
-open trade
- (4) reduction of armaments consistent with public safety
- (5) adjustment of colonial disputes consistent with the interests of both the controlling government and the colonial population
-promotion of self determination
-for nations to choose own government
- 6) evacuation of Russian territory, with the proviso of self-determination
- (7) evacuation and restoration of Belgium
- (8) evacuation and restoration of French territory, including Alsace-Lorraine;
-taken back from Germany
-(9) readjustment of Italian frontiers along clearly recognizable lines of nationality
- (10) autonomy for the peoples of Austria-Hungary
-break up of the Empire
- (11) evacuation and restoration of territory to Serbia, Montenegro, and Romania, granting of seaports to Serbia, and readjustment and international guarantee of the national ambitions of the Balkan nations
- (12) self-determination for non-Turkish peoples under Turkish control and internationalization of the Dardanelles
-Break up of the Empire
- (13) an independent Poland, with access to the sea
-taken away from Germany
- (14) creation of a general association of nations under specific covenants to give mutual guarantees of political independence and territorial integrity.
-creation of the League of Nations
-A forum to discuss conflicts
-later called the United Nations
-Untied States did not enter the League of Nations till 1945
-Henry Cabit Large did not allow it
-did not want the United States to be the Police of the World
- January 1919, Conference of Versailles Treaty
-35 nations attended
United States emerged as a world power
- had the most influence
- The Japanese delegation was on the same level as the four European powers
- participated in the conference debates only when matters pertaining to East Asia were discussed
-the representatives of the new German Republic were compelled to sign on June 28, 1919
- Germany was deprived of portions of its prewar territory
- Alsace and Lorraine, the city of Danzig (Gdañsk), and the Polish corridor
- unilaterally disarmed and forced to accept an Allied military occupation of the Rhineland
- to give up its colonial empire
-forced to accept responsibility for the outbreak of the war
- required to pay the cost of repairing the wartime damage
- Germany emerged from the peace conference as a potentially powerful country
- its industrial areas were left intact and it did not lose any vital territory
- The U.S. Senate refused to approve the treaty
- in part because of internal U.S. politics
- the United States concluded a separate peace treaty with Germany in 1921
Lausanna Treaty 1922-1924
-England, France, Italy, Russia, Italy, Russia, Japan, Bulgaria, Romania, Yugoslavia, Greece, and Turkey
-Lord Curzon of England and Ismet of Turkey negotiated independence of Turkey
-Turkey accepted minority clause
-and exchange of populations between Greeks and Turks
-financial questions were settled
-ending the Ottoman Public Debt Administration
-proportionate assumption of Ottoman Government debts by all successor states
-Turkey agreed not to alter its tariff for five years

Treaty of Sevres
-Greece is given west half of Turkey
-had been apart of the old Byzantine Empire
-Armenia was established as an independent state
-Ottoman army would be no more than 50,000
-Tripartite Agreement
-England, France, and Italy
-divided Turkey into spheres of influence
-recognized the separation of Syria, Iraq, Arabia, and Egypt
-caused war with young Turks and the Entente
-1922 land is retaken by the young Turks away from Greece