South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation
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South Asian Association of Regional Cooperation
SAARC logo
Members of SAARC Member states Observer states
Afghanistan
Bangladesh
Bhutan
India
Maldives
Nepal
Pakistan
Sri Lanka
Headquarters Kathmandu, Nepal
Secretary General Lyonpo Chenkyab Dorji
Statistics
Area
- Total 7th if ranked
5,130,746 km²
Population
- Total (2004)
- Density 1st if ranked
1,467,255,669
285.9 people/km²
GDP (PPP, 2005)
- Total
- Per capita 3rd if ranked
$4,074,031 million
$2,777
Other information
Currencies1 Afghan afghani (AFG)
Bangladeshi taka (BDT)
Bhutanese ngultrum (BTN)
Indian rupee (INR)
Maldivian rufiyaa (MVR)
Nepalese rupee (NPR)
Pakistani rupee (PKR)
Sri Lankan rupee (LKR}
Time zone UTC +4:30 to +6:00
Calling codes Not standardized
Official Website http://www.saarc-sec.org/main.php
Note 1: Proposed unified currency.[1]
South Asian Association for Regional Cooperation (SAARC) is the largest regional organization in the world by population, covering approximately 1.47 billion people. SAARC is an economic and political organization of eight countries in Southern Asia. The organization was established on December 8, 1985 by India, Pakistan, Bangladesh, Sri Lanka, Nepal, Maldives and Bhutan. On April 3, 2007, Afghanistan became the latest member country to join SAARC at the 14th summit in New Delhi.
Contents [hide]
1 History
1.1 Ineffectiveness
1.2 Political issues
1.3 Free trade agreement
1.4 Dhaka 2005 Summit
2 Membership
3 Secretaries-generals
4 List of SAARC summits
5 Future membership
6 Comparison with other regional blocs
7 See also
8 References
9 External links
10 Travels
[edit] History
In the late 1970s, Bangladesh's President Ziaur Rahman, proposed the creation of a trade bloc consisting of South Asian countries. The Bangladeshi proposal was accepted by India, Pakistan and Sri Lanka during a meeting held in Colombo in 1981. In August 1983, the leaders adopted the Declaration on South Asian Regional Cooperation during a summit which was held in New Delhi. The seven South Asian countries, which also included Nepal, Maldives and Bhutan, agreed on five areas of cooperation:
Agriculture and Rural Development
Telecommunications, Science, Technology and Meteorology
Health and Population Activities
Transport
Human Resource Development
Afghanistan was added to the regional grouping at the behest of India on November 13, 2005,[2] and became recognized as a full member on April 3, 2007.[3] With the addition of Afghanistan, the total number of member states was raised to eight (8). In April 2006, the United States of America and South Korea made formal requests to be granted observer status. The European Union has also indicated interest in being given observer status, and made a formal request for the same to the SAARC Council of Ministers meeting in July 2006.[4].[5] On August 2, 2006 the foreign ministers of the SAARC countries agreed in principle to grant observer status to the US, South Korea and the European Union. On 4 March 2007 Iran requested observer status.[6]
[edit] Ineffectiveness
SAARC's inability to play a crucial role in integrating South Asia is often credited to the political and military rivalry between India and Pakistan. Pakistan's unwillingness to implement the tariff reductions in SAFTA (an outgrowth of SAARC) have contributed to SAARC's problems.[citation needed] It is due to these economic, political, and territorial disputes that South Asian nations have not been able to harness the benefits of a unified economy. Over the years, SAARC's role in South Asia has been greatly diminished and is now used as a mere platform for annual talks and meetings between its members.
[edit] Political issues
SAARC has intentionally laid more stress on "core issues" mentioned above rather than more decisive political issues like the Kashmir dispute between India and Pakistan and the Sri Lankan civil war. However, political dialogue is often conducted on the margins of SAARC meetings. SAARC has also refrained itself from interfering in the internal matters of its member states. During the 12th and 13th SAARC summits, extreme emphasis was laid upon greater cooperation between the SAARC members to fight terrorism.
[edit] Free trade agreement
Over the years, the SAARC members have expressed their unwillingness on signing a free trade agreement. Though India has several trade pacts with Maldives, Nepal, Bhutan and Sri Lanka, similar trade agreements with Pakistan and Bangladesh have been stalled due to political and economic concerns on both sides. In 1993, SAARC countries signed an agreement to gradually lower tariffs within the region, in Dhaka. Nine years later, at the 12th SAARC Summit at Islamabad, SAARC countries devised the South Asia Free Trade Agreement which created a framework for the establishment of a free trade area covering 1.4 billion people. This agreement went into force on July 1, 2006. Under this agreement, SAARC members will bring their duties down to 20 per cent by 2007.
[edit] Dhaka 2005 Summit
Accord observer status to People's Republic of China, Japan, South Korea and United States of America. The nations also agreed to organize development funds under a single financial institution with a permanent secretariat, that would cover all SAARC programs ranging from social, to infrastructure, to economic ones.
[edit] Membership
Current members
Islamic Republic of Afghanistan
People's Republic of Bangladesh
Kingdom of Bhutan
Republic of India
Republic of Maldives
State of Nepal
Islamic Republic of Pakistan
Democratic Socialist Republic of Sri Lanka
Observers
People's Republic of China
European Union[7]
Islamic Republic of Iran[8]
Japan[7]
Republic of Korea[7]
United States of America[7]
[edit] Secretaries-generals
16 Jan 1987 - 15 Oct 1989 Abul Ahsan
17 Oct 1989 - 31 Dec 1991 Kant Kishore Bhargava
1 Jan 1992 - 31 Dec 1993 Ibrahim Hussain Zaki
1 Jan 1994 - 31 Dec 1995 Yadav Kant Silwal
1 Jan 1996 - 31 Dec 1998 Naeem U. Hasan
1 Jan 1999 - 10 Jan 2002 Nihal Rodrigo
11 Jan 2002 -28 Feb 2005 Q.A.M.A. Rahim
1 Mar 2005 - present Lyonpo Chenkyab Dorji
[edit] List of SAARC summits
December 7-8, 1985 at Dhaka
November 16-17, 1986 at Bangalore
November 2-4, 1987 at Kathmandu
December 29-31, 1988 at Islamabad
November 21-23, 1990 at Malé
December 21, 1991 at Colombo
April 10-11, 1993 at Dhaka
May 2-4, 1995 at New Delhi
May 12-14, 1997 at Malé
July 29-31, 1998 at Colombo
January 4-6, 2002 at Kathmandu
January 2-6, 2004 at Islamabad
November 12-13, 2005 at Dhaka
April 3-4, 2007 at New Delhi
[9]
[edit] Future membership
The Islamic Republic of Iran is the only country in Southern Asia that is not a part of SAARC. Iran has traditionally enjoyed strong cultural, economic and political relationship with both India and Pakistan and has expressed its desire to become a member of the South Asian organization. On 22 February 2005, the Foreign Minister of Iran, Kamal Kharrazi, indicated Iran's interest in joining SAARC by saying that his country could provide the region with "East-West connectivity".[10] However, due to the on-going row over Iran's nuclear facilities, it seems unlikely that Iran would be accepted as a member of the SAARC. On 3 March 2007, Iran asked to join the SAARC as an observer. SAARC Secretary-General Lyonpo Chenkyab Dorji responded by saying that Iran's request for observer status would be taken up during a meeting of ministers of foreign affairs of SAARC member countries in the 3 April summit in New Delhi.[11][12]
The People's Republic of China has shown its interest in joining SAARC.[13] While Pakistan and Bangladesh support China's candidature, India is more reluctant about the prospect of Chinese membership, while Bhutan does not even have diplomatic relations with China.[14] However, during the 2005 Dhaka summit, India agreed on granting observer status to the PRC along with Japan. In the 14th summit, Nepal announced its support for the membership of China.[15] Pakistan, Bangladesh, and Nepal gave strong support for the membership of China.[16][17]
The Russian Federation would like to become an observer, as well. India supports Russia's entry.[18][19]
Union of Myanmar also was interested in joining.[20]
[edit] Comparison with other regional blocs
Most active regional blocs Regional
bloc 1 Area (km²) Population GDP (PPP) ($US) Member
states 1
in millions per capita
EU 4,325,675 496,198,605 12,025,415 24,235 27
SAARC 5,136,740 1,467,255,669 4,074,031 2,777 8
CSN 17,339,153 370,158,470 2,868,430 7,749 10
ASEAN 4,400,000 553,900,000 2,172,000 4,044 10
NAFTA 21,588,638 430,495,039 15,279,000 35,491 3
EurAsEC 20,789,100 208,067,618 1,689,137 8,118 6
ECOWAS 5,112,903 251,646,263 342,519 1,361 15
SACU 2,693,418 51,055,878 541,433 10,605 5
GCC 2,285,844 35,869,438 536,223 14,949 6
COMESA 3,779,427 118,950,321 141,962 1,193 5
Agadir 1,703,910 126,066,286 513,674 4,075 4
CEMAC 3,020,142 34,970,529 85,136 2,435 6
CARICOM 462,344 14,565,083 64,219 4,409 14+1 3
EAC 1,763,777 97,865,428 104,239 1,065 3
CACM 422,614 37,816,598 159,536 4,219 5
PARTA 528,151 7,810,905 23,074 2,954 12+2 3
EFTA 529,600 12,233,467 471,547 38,546 4
Reference
blocs and
countries 2 Area (km²) Population GDP (PPP) ($US) Political
divisions
in millions per capita
UN 133,178,011 6,411,682,270 55,167,630 8,604 192
Germany 357,050 82,438,000 2,585,000 31,400 16
Japan 377,873 128,085,000 4,220,000 33,100 47
Canada 9,984,670 32,507,874 1,165,000 35,200 13
Indonesia 1,904,569 234,300,000 935,000 4,000 33
Brazil 8,514,877 187,560,000 1,616,000 8,600 27
Russia 17,075,200 143,782,338 1,723,000 12,100 89
India 3,287,590 1,102,600,000 4,042,000 3,700 35
China (PRC) 4 9,596,960 1,306,847,624 10,000,000 7,600 33
USA 9,631,418 300,000,000 12,980,000 43,500 50
1 Including data only for full and most active members
2 The first five states in the World by area, population and GDP (PPP)
3 Including non-sovereign autonomous entities of other states
4 Data for the People's Republic of China does not include Hong Kong, Macau and
regions administered by the Republic of China (Taiwan).
smallest value among the blocs compared
largest value among the blocs compared
During 2004. Source: CIA World Factbook 2005, IMF WEO Database
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[edit] See also
South Asia Free Trade Agreement
Trade bloc
BIMSTEC
Asia Cooperation Dialogue
2007-04-12 17:43:04
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answer #9
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answered by Karthik Perumal 2
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