Well, During the NAZI regime of Germany, and then Greater Germany (from 1939-1945), the administration setup what were euphemistically refered to as work camps, or relocation camps, today we know them as concentration camps.
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However, it is important to understand that concentration camps are NOT unique to the German regime of the NAZI's but are a chronic problem of modernity as a result of mass transportation, economic, political, environmental pressures in combination with the use of mass-media and usually military force.
The act of removing "undesirables" from lands deemed desirable is sometimes called genocide, when a particular ethnic people or religious group are targeted. The term genocide is specifically mentioned in the UN charter as something the UN is supposed to act to prevent or minimize. However, presently and very frequently, the United States, China, or other nations (including Israel) have moved to not use the term, for fear of having the UN act to prevent the "genocide". The more acceptable term is now considered "ethnic cleansing" or "purging", modern examples in the last 10-15 years include include Bosnia/Yugoslavia, Rwanda/Burundi, Liberia/Sierra Leone and currently in Darfur, Sudan.
Here are some notable relatively modern ethnic cleansings and the persons responsible. While Hitler and the NAZI's may win on style points , they clearly don't win on the numbers.
Person/(Location,Circumstance)/ Number of Dead
Mao Ze-Dong (China, 1958-61 and 1966-69)
49,000,000 ("great leap forward" and "cultural revolution")
Jozef Stalin (USSR, 1934-39)13,000,000 (the purges)
Adolf Hitler (Germany, 1939-1945)12,000,000
(concentration camps and civilians WWII)
Hideki Tojo (Japan, 1941-44)5,000,000 (civilians WWII)
Pol Pot (Cambodia, 1975-79)1,700,000
Kim Il Sung (North Korea, 1948-94)1.6 million (purges and concentration camps)
Menghistu (Ethiopia, 1975-78)1,500,000
Ismail Enver (Turkey, 1915)1,200,000 Armenians
Yakubu Gowon (Biafra, 1967-1970)1,000,000
Leonid Brezhnev (Afghanistan, 1979-1982)900,000
Jean Kambanda (Rwanda, 1994)800,000
Suharto (East Timor, West Papua, Communists, 1966-98)800,000
Saddam Hussein (Iran 1980-1990 and Kurdistan 1987-88)600,000
Yahya Khan (Pakistan, 1971) vs Bangladesh 500,000
Fumimaro Konoe (Japan, 1937-39)500,000? (Chinese civilians)
Savimbi (Angola, 1975-2002)400,000
Mullah Omar - Taliban (Afghanistan, 1986-2001)400,000
Idi Amin (Uganda, 1969-1979)300,000
Yahya Khan (Bangladesh, 1970-1971)300,000
Benito Mussolini (Ethiopia, 1936; Yugoslavia, WWII)300,000
Charles Taylor (Liberia, 1989-1996)220,000
Foday Sankoh (Sierra Leone, 1991-2000) 200,000
Slobodan Milosevic (Yugoslavia, 1992-96)180,000
-- More on the German NAZI Experience --
During the NAZI regime, the "public" or "official" government position was that Jews primarily and others who were deemed "undesirable" should be treated fairly and sometimes this was considered "charitably", by "relocating" them to the newly conquered lands of Greater Germany.
Perversely, the removal of undesirables was sometimes "provoked" by paramilitary units sympathetic to the regime called the "Brown shirts" who would commit violence against Jews, Homosexuals etc, and then the government would have to "act" to protect the undesirables by moving them out.
Often times letters and correspondence was encouraged/compelled by the goverment immediately upon arrival to the camps to prisoners relatives stating how "wonderful" it was, and that family and friends should consider relocating as well. Shortly thereafter, prisoners were either, selected out for work-detail, sent to mass crematoria or shot en-masse
2007-04-12 13:33:21
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answer #1
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answered by Mark T 7
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There were quite a few, in Germany and Poland. Auschwitz, Bergen-Belsen, Treblinka, Dachau, Sachsenhausen, Buchenwald , Flossenbürg , Mauthausen and Ravensbrück. Not all of these were used for extermination, some were just "Konzentrationslager" or concentration camps. Jews, Gypsies, Communists (suspected or real), homosexuals and many of the mentally ill were sent to these camps.
2007-04-12 12:59:48
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answer #2
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answered by thesbrian 2
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This list is far from complete. It is estimated that the Nazis established 15,000 camps in the occupied countries. There were several small camps which were created for limited in time operations against local population. Most of these camps were destroyed by the Nazis themselves, sometimes after two or three months of activity.
Nazi Concentration Camps & Death Camps.
Germany:
Bergen-Belsen (probably 2 subcamps but location is unknown)
Börgermoor (no sub-camp known)
Buchenwald ( 174 subcamps and external kommandos)
Dachau (123 subcamps and external kommandos)
Dieburg (no sub-camp known)
Esterwegen (1 sub-camp)
Flossenburg (94 subcamps and external kommandos)
Gundelsheim (no sub-camp known)
Neuengamme (96 subcamps and external kommandos)
Papenburg (no sub-camp known)
Ravensbruck (31 subcamps and external kommandos)
Sachsenhausen (44 subcamps and external kommandos)
Sachsenburg (no sub-camp known)
Austria:
Mauthausen (49 subcamps and external kommandos)
Belgium:
Breendonck (no sub-camp known)
Czechoslovakia:
Theresienstadt (9 external kommandos)
Estonia:
Vivara
Finland:
Kangasjarvi
Koveri
France:
Argeles
Brens
Drancy
Gurs
Les Milles
Le Vernet
Natzweiler-Struthof (70 camps satellites et kommandos)
Noé
Récébédou
Rieucros
Rivesaltes
Suresnes
Thill
for these camps, no sub-camp known
Work camps created by the Government of Vichy in Maroco and Algeria. Thousands of jews were sent to these camps by the French pro-nazi government of Petain:
Abadla
Ain el Ourak
Bechar
Berguent
Bogari
Bouarfa
Djelfa
Kenadsa
Meridja
Missour
Tendrara
Great Britain
Aurigny
Holland:
Amersfoort
Ommen
Vught
Arnhem
Breda
Eindhoven
Gilze-Rijen
's Gravenhage (The Hague)
Haaren par Tilburg
Leeuwarden
Moerdijk
Rozendaal
Sint Michielsgestel
Valkenburg par Leiden
Venlo (Luftwaffe airfield)
Westerbork (transit camp)
Italy:
Bolzano
Fossoli
Risiera di San Sabba (no sub-camp known)
Latvia:
Riga
Riga-Kaiserwald
Dundaga
Eleje-Meitenes
Jungfernhof
Lenta
Spilwe
Lithuania:
Kaunas
Aleksotaskowno
Palemonas
Pravieniskès
Volary
Norway:
Baerum
Berg
Bredtvet
Falstadt
Tromsdalen
Ulven
Poland:
Auschwitz-Birkenau - Oswiecim-Brzezinka (extermination camp - 51 subcamps and external kommandos)
Belzec (extermination camp - 1 subcamp)
Bierznow
Biesiadka
Dzierzazna & Litzmannstadt (These two camps were "Jugenverwahrlage", children camps. Hundreds of children and teenagers considered as not good enough to be "Germanized" were transfered to these places - see our article about the The “Lebensborn ” — and later sent to the extermination canters)
Gross-Rosen - Rogoznica (77 subcamps and external kommandos)
Huta-Komarowska
Janowska
Krakow
Kulmhof - Chelmno (extermination camp - no sub-camp known)
Lublin (prison - no subcamp known)
Lwow (Lemberg)
Czwartaki
Lemberg
Maidanek (extermination camp - 3 subcamps)
Mielec
Pawiak (prison - no subcamp known)
Plaszow (work camp but became later subcamp of Maidanek)
Poniatowa
Pustkow (work camp - no subcamp known)
Radogosz (prison - no subcamp known)
Radom
Schmolz
Schokken
Sobibor (extermination camp - no subcamp known)
Stutthof - Sztutowo (40 subcamps and external kommandos)
Treblinka (extermination camp - no subcamp known)
Wieliczka
Zabiwoko (work camp - no subcamp known)
Zakopane
Russia: (The real number of concentration and extermination camps established in occupied Soviet Union by the Nazies is unknown. The following list contains the name of the major camps. Some of these camps were under Romanian control; e.g. Akmétchetka or Bogdanovka where 54,000 were executed between December 21th and December 31th, 1941)
Akmétchetka
Balanowka
Bar
Bisjumujsje
Bogdanovka
"Citadelle" (The real name of this camp is unknown. The camp was located near Lvov. Thousands of Russians POW were killed in this camp)
Czwartaki
Daugavpils
Domanievka
Edineti
Kielbasin (or Kelbassino)
Khorol
Klooga
Lemberg
Mezjapark
Ponary
Rawa-Russkaja
Salapils
Strazdumujsje
Yanowski
Vertugen
(for all these camps, no subcamp known).
Yugoslavia:
Banjica
Brocice
Chabatz
Danica
Dakovo
Gornja reka
Gradiska
Jadovno
Jasenovac
Jastrebarsko
Kragujevac
Krapje
Kruscica
Lepoglava
Loborgrad
Sajmite
Sisak
Slano
Slavonska-Pozega
Stara-Gradiska
Tasmajdan
Zemun
2007-04-12 13:46:13
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answer #8
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answered by Anonymous
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