How do they turn coffee into instant coffee?

Answer 1

Instant coffee was invented back in 1906 by George C. Washington. He was an Englishman living in Guatemala and a chemist by trade.

An avid coffee-drinker, he noticed a powdery buildup on the spout of his favorite silver coffee pot. That prompted his curiosity and further experimentation followed. He eventually produced a dried coffee crystal much like we still have today. His brand was called Red E Coffee.
Bascially, instant coffee is just regularly brewed coffee with nearly all the water removed. It's not that mysterious a process at all. There is no strange chemical adulteration that goes on. Instant coffee is still pure coffee.

Answer 2

Basically, they brew the coffee, then freeze-dry the drops of coffee into crystals.

Freeze drying takes the moisture out without changing the flavor of the coffee (in theory), so that when you add the hot water back in, you essentially get the same quality cup of coffee that the manufacturer originally brewed.

Answer 3

Dehydration...too lazy to type the rest. Click on, my friend.