how does dialysis work exactly?

Answer 1

Dialysis replaces some kidney function, but not all. Not everyone has a graft. First there needs to be an access placed, if the need for dialysis is great and there isn't time for a fistula(an artery and vein sewn together surgically) to mature or a graft to be placed, a catheter is usually inserted into the subclavian or internal jugular vein (in the shoulder or neck area) the catheter looks like a Y the straight part is inserted into the body, the V part is left outside the body, one side is used to draw the blood out, the other to send it back in. A typical diaysis treatment takes about 3-4 hours depending on body size, and the toxin levels in the patient. The patient's weight and vital signs are obtained, a dry weight (this is what a person should weigh with out additional fluid) is given by the doctor, the patient's dry weight is subtacted from the weight they came in with, this tells how much fluid is to be removed. The nurse will listen to the patients heart and lungs and check for edema in the legs, face, and other areas. based on this assesment the nurse will determine how to manage the treatment. If the patient has a fistula or graft two needle will be placed into it for the same purpose of the V in the catheter. The blood will be filter through a dialyzer, which is a semi-permiable membrane, the toxins and fluid are removed and the clean blood is returned to the patient. The dialysis machine will montior the pressure with in the blood vessels and the tubing of the machine, it will also safe guard the patient from recieving air. The patient's vital signs are monitored every 1/2 hour to make sure they are tolerating the threatment well, and to make any needed adjustments in the management of the treatment. Dialysis does not replace all functions of the kidney. The kidney secretes hormones the regulate blod pressure and stimulate red blood cell production, these can be replicated by medication if needed, but are not automatically given during dialysis, a doctor will determine if this in needed. A strict diet is also required, as toxin build up and excess fluid can be a problem as certian toxins such as too much potassium, and too much fluid, leading to pumonary edema (fluid in the lungs) can lead to death. Dialysis can also be done via a catheter in the pertineal cavity of the abdomen this is called peritoneal diaysis (PD). Dialysis fluid is infused into the cavity and will dwell for so many hours (will be deterined by a doctor) and then drained, the peritoneal membrane is a natural semi permiable membrane which allows for the same out come as Hemo dialysis as described above, not all patients are canditiates for PD, as the supplies take up a lot of room, and a sterile environment is essential when doing hook ups.

Answer 2

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Answer 3

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Answer 4

It does what your kidneys do daily. A person usually goes three times a week for approx. 3.5 to 4 hrs. each time. It cleanses the blood and removes fluid at the same time. The person has 2 needles insterted into a graft. One is removing the blood and the other is returning it after it is cleansed by the machine and dialyzer.

Answer 5

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Answer 6

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